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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">time</code> — Time access and conversions</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#functions">Functions</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#clock-id-constants">Clock ID Constants</a></li>
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 <section id="module-time">
<h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-time" title="time: Time access and conversions."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">time</code></a> — Time access and conversions<a class="headerlink" href="#module-time" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<hr class="docutils" />
This module provides various time-related functions. For related
functionality, see also the <a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#module-datetime" title="datetime: Basic date and time types."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html#module-calendar" title="calendar: Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation of the Unix cal program."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">calendar</code></a> modules.
Although this module is always available,
not all functions are available on all platforms. Most of the functions
defined in this module call platform C library functions with the same name. It
may sometimes be helpful to consult the platform documentation, because the
semantics of these functions varies among platforms.
An explanation of some terminology and conventions is in order.
<ul class="simple" id="index-0">
<li>The epoch is the point where the time starts, and is platform
dependent. For Unix, the epoch is January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 (UTC).
To find out what the epoch is on a given platform, look at
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">time.gmtime(0)</code>.</li>
</ul>
<ul class="simple" id="index-1">
<li>The term seconds since the epoch refers to the total number
of elapsed seconds since the epoch, typically excluding
<a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_second">leap seconds</a>. Leap seconds are excluded from this total on all
POSIX-compliant platforms.</li>
</ul>
<ul class="simple" id="index-2">
<li>The functions in this module may not handle dates and times before the epoch or
far in the future. The cut-off point in the future is determined by the C
library; for 32-bit systems, it is typically in 2038.</li>
</ul>
<ul class="simple" id="index-3">
<li>Function <a class="reference internal" href="#time.strptime" title="time.strptime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">strptime()</code></a> can parse 2-digit years when given <code class="docutils literal notranslate">%y</code> format
code. When 2-digit years are parsed, they are converted according to the POSIX
and ISO C standards: values 69–99 are mapped to 1969–1999, and values 0–68
are mapped to 2000–2068.</li>
</ul>
<ul class="simple" id="index-4">
<li>UTC is Coordinated Universal Time (formerly known as Greenwich Mean Time, or
GMT). The acronym UTC is not a mistake but a compromise between English and
French.</li>
</ul>
<ul id="index-5">
<li>DST is Daylight Saving Time, an adjustment of the timezone by (usually) one
hour during part of the year. DST rules are magic (determined by local law) and
can change from year to year. The C library has a table containing the local
rules (often it is read from a system file for flexibility) and is the only
source of True Wisdom in this respect.</li>
<li>The precision of the various real-time functions may be less than suggested by
the units in which their value or argument is expressed. E.g. on most Unix
systems, the clock “ticks” only 50 or 100 times a second.</li>
<li>On the other hand, the precision of <a class="reference internal" href="#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time()</code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#time.sleep" title="time.sleep"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">sleep()</code></a> is better
than their Unix equivalents: times are expressed as floating point numbers,
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time()</code></a> returns the most accurate time available (using Unix
<code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">gettimeofday()</code> where available), and <a class="reference internal" href="#time.sleep" title="time.sleep"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">sleep()</code></a> will accept a time
with a nonzero fraction (Unix <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">select()</code> is used to implement this, where
available).</li>
<li>The time value as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">gmtime()</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code></a>, and
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.strptime" title="time.strptime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">strptime()</code></a>, and accepted by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.asctime" title="time.asctime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">asctime()</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#time.mktime" title="time.mktime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">mktime()</code></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.strftime" title="time.strftime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">strftime()</code></a>, is a sequence of 9 integers. The return values of
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">gmtime()</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#time.strptime" title="time.strptime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">strptime()</code></a> also offer attribute
names for individual fields.
See <a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">struct_time</code></a> for a description of these objects.
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 3.3: The <a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">struct_time</code></a> type was extended to provide the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tm_gmtoff</code>
and <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tm_zone</code> attributes when platform supports corresponding
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">struct tm</code> members.
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 3.6: The <a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">struct_time</code></a> attributes <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tm_gmtoff</code> and <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tm_zone</code>
are now available on all platforms.
</div>
</li>
<li>Use the following functions to convert between time representations:
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 33%" />
<col style="width: 33%" />
<col style="width: 33%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">From</th>
<th class="head">To</th>
<th class="head">Use</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td>seconds since the epoch</td>
<td><a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">struct_time</code></a> in
UTC</td>
<td><a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">gmtime()</code></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>seconds since the epoch</td>
<td><a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">struct_time</code></a> in
local time</td>
<td><a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">struct_time</code></a> in
UTC</td>
<td>seconds since the epoch</td>
<td><a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html#calendar.timegm" title="calendar.timegm"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">calendar.timegm()</code></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">struct_time</code></a> in
local time</td>
<td>seconds since the epoch</td>
<td><a class="reference internal" href="#time.mktime" title="time.mktime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">mktime()</code></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</li>
</ul>
<section id="functions">
<h2>Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.asctime">
time.asctime([t])<a class="headerlink" href="#time.asctime" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Convert a tuple or <a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">struct_time</code></a> representing a time as returned by
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">gmtime()</code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code></a> to a string of the following
form: <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'Sun Jun 20 23:21:05 1993'</code>. The day field is two characters long
and is space padded if the day is a single digit,
e.g.: <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'Wed Jun&#160; 9 04:26:40 1993'</code>.
If t is not provided, the current time as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code></a>
is used. Locale information is not used by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.asctime" title="time.asctime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">asctime()</code></a>.
<div class="admonition note">
Note
Unlike the C function of the same name, <a class="reference internal" href="#time.asctime" title="time.asctime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">asctime()</code></a> does not add a
trailing newline.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.pthread_getcpuclockid">
time.pthread_getcpuclockid(thread_id)<a class="headerlink" href="#time.pthread_getcpuclockid" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the clk_id of the thread-specific CPU-time clock for the specified thread_id.
Use <a class="reference internal" href="threading.html#threading.get_ident" title="threading.get_ident"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">threading.get_ident()</code></a> or the <a class="reference internal" href="threading.html#threading.Thread.ident" title="threading.Thread.ident"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">ident</code></a>
attribute of <a class="reference internal" href="threading.html#threading.Thread" title="threading.Thread"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">threading.Thread</code></a> objects to get a suitable value
for thread_id.
<div class="admonition warning">
Warning
Passing an invalid or expired thread_id may result in
undefined behavior, such as segmentation fault.
</div>
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability">Availability</a>: Unix (see the man page for <a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/pthread_getcpuclockid(3)">pthread_getcpuclockid(3)</a> for
further information).
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.7.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.clock_getres">
time.clock_getres(clk_id)<a class="headerlink" href="#time.clock_getres" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the resolution (precision) of the specified clock clk_id. Refer to
<a class="reference internal" href="#time-clock-id-constants">Clock ID Constants</a> for a list of accepted values for clk_id.
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability">Availability</a>: Unix.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.3.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.clock_gettime">
time.clock_gettime(clk_id) &#x2192; <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float">float</a><a class="headerlink" href="#time.clock_gettime" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the time of the specified clock clk_id. Refer to
<a class="reference internal" href="#time-clock-id-constants">Clock ID Constants</a> for a list of accepted values for clk_id.
Use <a class="reference internal" href="#time.clock_gettime_ns" title="time.clock_gettime_ns"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">clock_gettime_ns()</code></a> to avoid the precision loss caused by the
<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">float</code></a> type.
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability">Availability</a>: Unix.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.3.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.clock_gettime_ns">
time.clock_gettime_ns(clk_id) &#x2192; <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int">int</a><a class="headerlink" href="#time.clock_gettime_ns" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.clock_gettime" title="time.clock_gettime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">clock_gettime()</code></a> but return time as nanoseconds.
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability">Availability</a>: Unix.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.7.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.clock_settime">
time.clock_settime(clk_id, time: <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float">float</a>)<a class="headerlink" href="#time.clock_settime" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Set the time of the specified clock clk_id. Currently,
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.CLOCK_REALTIME" title="time.CLOCK_REALTIME"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate">CLOCK_REALTIME</code></a> is the only accepted value for clk_id.
Use <a class="reference internal" href="#time.clock_settime_ns" title="time.clock_settime_ns"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">clock_settime_ns()</code></a> to avoid the precision loss caused by the
<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">float</code></a> type.
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability">Availability</a>: Unix.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.3.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.clock_settime_ns">
time.clock_settime_ns(clk_id, time: <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int">int</a>)<a class="headerlink" href="#time.clock_settime_ns" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.clock_settime" title="time.clock_settime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">clock_settime()</code></a> but set time with nanoseconds.
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability">Availability</a>: Unix.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.7.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.ctime">
time.ctime([secs])<a class="headerlink" href="#time.ctime" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Convert a time expressed in seconds since the epoch to a string of a form:
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">'Sun Jun 20 23:21:05 1993'</code> representing local time. The day field
is two characters long and is space padded if the day is a single digit,
e.g.: <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'Wed Jun&#160; 9 04:26:40 1993'</code>.
If secs is not provided or <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">None</code></a>, the current time as
returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time()</code></a> is used. <code class="docutils literal notranslate">ctime(secs)</code> is equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">asctime(localtime(secs))</code>. Locale information is not used by
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.ctime" title="time.ctime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">ctime()</code></a>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.get_clock_info">
time.get_clock_info(name)<a class="headerlink" href="#time.get_clock_info" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Get information on the specified clock as a namespace object.
Supported clock names and the corresponding functions to read their value
are:
<ul class="simple">
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">'monotonic'</code>: <a class="reference internal" href="#time.monotonic" title="time.monotonic"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time.monotonic()</code></a></li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">'perf_counter'</code>: <a class="reference internal" href="#time.perf_counter" title="time.perf_counter"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time.perf_counter()</code></a></li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">'process_time'</code>: <a class="reference internal" href="#time.process_time" title="time.process_time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time.process_time()</code></a></li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">'thread_time'</code>: <a class="reference internal" href="#time.thread_time" title="time.thread_time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time.thread_time()</code></a></li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">'time'</code>: <a class="reference internal" href="#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time.time()</code></a></li>
</ul>
The result has the following attributes:
<ul class="simple">
<li>adjustable: <code class="docutils literal notranslate">True</code> if the clock can be changed automatically (e.g. by
a NTP daemon) or manually by the system administrator, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">False</code> otherwise</li>
<li>implementation: The name of the underlying C function used to get
the clock value. Refer to <a class="reference internal" href="#time-clock-id-constants">Clock ID Constants</a> for possible values.</li>
<li>monotonic: <code class="docutils literal notranslate">True</code> if the clock cannot go backward,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">False</code> otherwise</li>
<li>resolution: The resolution of the clock in seconds (<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">float</code></a>)</li>
</ul>
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.3.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.gmtime">
time.gmtime([secs])<a class="headerlink" href="#time.gmtime" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Convert a time expressed in seconds since the epoch to a <a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">struct_time</code></a> in
UTC in which the dst flag is always zero. If secs is not provided or
<a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">None</code></a>, the current time as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time()</code></a> is used. Fractions
of a second are ignored. See above for a description of the
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">struct_time</code></a> object. See <a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html#calendar.timegm" title="calendar.timegm"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">calendar.timegm()</code></a> for the inverse of this
function.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.localtime">
time.localtime([secs])<a class="headerlink" href="#time.localtime" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Like <a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">gmtime()</code></a> but converts to local time. If secs is not provided or
<a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">None</code></a>, the current time as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time()</code></a> is used. The dst
flag is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">1</code> when DST applies to the given time.
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code></a> may raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OverflowError</code></a>, if the timestamp is
outside the range of values supported by the platform C <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code>
or <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">gmtime()</code> functions, and <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OSError</code></a> on <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code> or
<code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">gmtime()</code> failure. It’s common for this to be restricted to years
between 1970 and 2038.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.mktime">
time.mktime(t)<a class="headerlink" href="#time.mktime" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>This is the inverse function of <a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code></a>. Its argument is the
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">struct_time</code></a> or full 9-tuple (since the dst flag is needed; use <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-1</code>
as the dst flag if it is unknown) which expresses the time in local time, not
UTC. It returns a floating point number, for compatibility with <a class="reference internal" href="#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time()</code></a>.
If the input value cannot be represented as a valid time, either
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OverflowError</code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">ValueError</code></a> will be raised (which depends on
whether the invalid value is caught by Python or the underlying C libraries).
The earliest date for which it can generate a time is platform-dependent.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.monotonic">
time.monotonic() &#x2192; <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float">float</a><a class="headerlink" href="#time.monotonic" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the value (in fractional seconds) of a monotonic clock, i.e. a clock
that cannot go backwards. The clock is not affected by system clock updates.
The reference point of the returned value is undefined, so that only the
difference between the results of two calls is valid.
Use <a class="reference internal" href="#time.monotonic_ns" title="time.monotonic_ns"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">monotonic_ns()</code></a> to avoid the precision loss caused by the
<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">float</code></a> type.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.3.
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 3.5: The function is now always available and always system-wide.
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 3.10: On macOS, the function is now system-wide.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.monotonic_ns">
time.monotonic_ns() &#x2192; <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int">int</a><a class="headerlink" href="#time.monotonic_ns" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.monotonic" title="time.monotonic"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">monotonic()</code></a>, but return time as nanoseconds.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.7.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.perf_counter">
time.perf_counter() &#x2192; <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float">float</a><a class="headerlink" href="#time.perf_counter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the value (in fractional seconds) of a performance counter, i.e. a
clock with the highest available resolution to measure a short duration. It
does include time elapsed during sleep and is system-wide. The reference
point of the returned value is undefined, so that only the difference between
the results of two calls is valid.
Use <a class="reference internal" href="#time.perf_counter_ns" title="time.perf_counter_ns"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">perf_counter_ns()</code></a> to avoid the precision loss caused by the
<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">float</code></a> type.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.3.
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 3.10: On Windows, the function is now system-wide.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.perf_counter_ns">
time.perf_counter_ns() &#x2192; <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int">int</a><a class="headerlink" href="#time.perf_counter_ns" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.perf_counter" title="time.perf_counter"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">perf_counter()</code></a>, but return time as nanoseconds.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.7.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.process_time">
time.process_time() &#x2192; <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float">float</a><a class="headerlink" href="#time.process_time" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the value (in fractional seconds) of the sum of the system and user
CPU time of the current process. It does not include time elapsed during
sleep. It is process-wide by definition. The reference point of the
returned value is undefined, so that only the difference between the results
of two calls is valid.
Use <a class="reference internal" href="#time.process_time_ns" title="time.process_time_ns"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">process_time_ns()</code></a> to avoid the precision loss caused by the
<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">float</code></a> type.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.3.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.process_time_ns">
time.process_time_ns() &#x2192; <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int">int</a><a class="headerlink" href="#time.process_time_ns" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.process_time" title="time.process_time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">process_time()</code></a> but return time as nanoseconds.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.7.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.sleep">
time.sleep(secs)<a class="headerlink" href="#time.sleep" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Suspend execution of the calling thread for the given number of seconds.
The argument may be a floating point number to indicate a more precise sleep
time. The actual suspension time may be less than that requested because any
caught signal will terminate the <a class="reference internal" href="#time.sleep" title="time.sleep"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">sleep()</code></a> following execution of that
signal’s catching routine. Also, the suspension time may be longer than
requested by an arbitrary amount because of the scheduling of other activity
in the system.
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 3.5: The function now sleeps at least secs even if the sleep is interrupted
by a signal, except if the signal handler raises an exception (see
<a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0475">PEP 475</a> for the rationale).
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.strftime">
time.strftime(format[, t])<a class="headerlink" href="#time.strftime" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Convert a tuple or <a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">struct_time</code></a> representing a time as returned by
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">gmtime()</code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code></a> to a string as specified by the format
argument. If t is not provided, the current time as returned by
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code></a> is used. format must be a string. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">ValueError</code></a> is
raised if any field in t is outside of the allowed range.
0 is a legal argument for any position in the time tuple; if it is normally
illegal the value is forced to a correct one.
The following directives can be embedded in the format string. They are shown
without the optional field width and precision specification, and are replaced
by the indicated characters in the <a class="reference internal" href="#time.strftime" title="time.strftime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">strftime()</code></a> result:
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 17%" />
<col style="width: 73%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Directive</th>
<th class="head">Meaning</th>
<th class="head">Notes</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%a</code></td>
<td>Locale’s abbreviated weekday name.</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%A</code></td>
<td>Locale’s full weekday name.</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%b</code></td>
<td>Locale’s abbreviated month name.</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%B</code></td>
<td>Locale’s full month name.</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%c</code></td>
<td>Locale’s appropriate date and time
representation.</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%d</code></td>
<td>Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%H</code></td>
<td>Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number
[00,23].</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%I</code></td>
<td>Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number
[01,12].</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%j</code></td>
<td>Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366].</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%m</code></td>
<td>Month as a decimal number [01,12].</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%M</code></td>
<td>Minute as a decimal number [00,59].</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%p</code></td>
<td>Locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM.</td>
<td>(1)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%S</code></td>
<td>Second as a decimal number [00,61].</td>
<td>(2)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%U</code></td>
<td>Week number of the year (Sunday as the first
day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53].
All days in a new year preceding the first
Sunday are considered to be in week 0.</td>
<td>(3)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%w</code></td>
<td>Weekday as a decimal number [0(Sunday),6].</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%W</code></td>
<td>Week number of the year (Monday as the first
day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53].
All days in a new year preceding the first
Monday are considered to be in week 0.</td>
<td>(3)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%x</code></td>
<td>Locale’s appropriate date representation.</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%X</code></td>
<td>Locale’s appropriate time representation.</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%y</code></td>
<td>Year without century as a decimal number
[00,99].</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%Y</code></td>
<td>Year with century as a decimal number.</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%z</code></td>
<td>Time zone offset indicating a positive or
negative time difference from UTC/GMT of the
form +HHMM or -HHMM, where H represents decimal
hour digits and M represents decimal minute
digits [-23:59, +23:59]. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id4" id="id1">1</a></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%Z</code></td>
<td>Time zone name (no characters if no time zone
exists). Deprecated. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id4" id="id2">1</a></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate">%%</code></td>
<td>A literal <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'%'</code> character.</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Notes:
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>When used with the <a class="reference internal" href="#time.strptime" title="time.strptime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">strptime()</code></a> function, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">%p</code> directive only affects
the output hour field if the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">%I</code> directive is used to parse the hour.</li>
<li>The range really is <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">61</code>; value <code class="docutils literal notranslate">60</code> is valid in
timestamps representing <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_second">leap seconds</a> and value <code class="docutils literal notranslate">61</code> is supported
for historical reasons.</li>
<li>When used with the <a class="reference internal" href="#time.strptime" title="time.strptime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">strptime()</code></a> function, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">%U</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">%W</code> are only used in
calculations when the day of the week and the year are specified.</li>
</ol>
Here is an example, a format for dates compatible with that specified in the
<a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2822.html">RFC 2822</a> Internet email standard. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id4" id="id3">1</a>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>&gt;&gt;&gt; from time import gmtime, strftime
&gt;&gt;&gt; strftime(&quot;%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S +0000&quot;, gmtime())
&#39;Thu, 28 Jun 2001 14:17:15 +0000&#39;
</pre></div>
</div>
Additional directives may be supported on certain platforms, but only the
ones listed here have a meaning standardized by ANSI C. To see the full set
of format codes supported on your platform, consult the <a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/strftime(3)">strftime(3)</a>
documentation.
On some platforms, an optional field width and precision specification can
immediately follow the initial <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'%'</code> of a directive in the following order;
this is also not portable. The field width is normally 2 except for <code class="docutils literal notranslate">%j</code> where
it is 3.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.strptime">
time.strptime(string[, format])<a class="headerlink" href="#time.strptime" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Parse a string representing a time according to a format. The return value
is a <a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">struct_time</code></a> as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">gmtime()</code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code></a>.
The format parameter uses the same directives as those used by
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.strftime" title="time.strftime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">strftime()</code></a>; it defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">&quot;%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y&quot;</code> which matches the
formatting returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.ctime" title="time.ctime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">ctime()</code></a>. If string cannot be parsed according
to format, or if it has excess data after parsing, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">ValueError</code></a> is
raised. The default values used to fill in any missing data when more
accurate values cannot be inferred are <code class="docutils literal notranslate">(1900, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, -1)</code>.
Both string and format must be strings.
For example:
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>&gt;&gt;&gt; import time
&gt;&gt;&gt; time.strptime(&quot;30 Nov 00&quot;, &quot;%d %b %y&quot;) 
time.struct_time(tm_year=2000, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=30, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0,
 tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=335, tm_isdst=-1)
</pre></div>
</div>
Support for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">%Z</code> directive is based on the values contained in <code class="docutils literal notranslate">tzname</code>
and whether <code class="docutils literal notranslate">daylight</code> is true. Because of this, it is platform-specific
except for recognizing UTC and GMT which are always known (and are considered to
be non-daylight savings timezones).
Only the directives specified in the documentation are supported. Because
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">strftime()</code> is implemented per platform it can sometimes offer more
directives than those listed. But <code class="docutils literal notranslate">strptime()</code> is independent of any platform
and thus does not necessarily support all directives available that are not
documented as supported.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.struct_time">
class time.struct_time<a class="headerlink" href="#time.struct_time" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>The type of the time value sequence returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">gmtime()</code></a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#time.strptime" title="time.strptime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">strptime()</code></a>. It is an object with a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-named-tuple">named
tuple</a> interface: values can be accessed by index and by attribute name. The
following values are present:
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 32%" />
<col style="width: 56%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Index</th>
<th class="head">Attribute</th>
<th class="head">Values</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td>0</td>
<td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tm_year</code></td>
<td>(for example, 1993)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>1</td>
<td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tm_mon</code></td>
<td>range [1, 12]</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>2</td>
<td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tm_mday</code></td>
<td>range [1, 31]</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>3</td>
<td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tm_hour</code></td>
<td>range [0, 23]</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>4</td>
<td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tm_min</code></td>
<td>range [0, 59]</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>5</td>
<td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tm_sec</code></td>
<td>range [0, 61]; see (2) in
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.strftime" title="time.strftime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">strftime()</code></a> description</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>6</td>
<td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tm_wday</code></td>
<td>range [0, 6], Monday is 0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>7</td>
<td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tm_yday</code></td>
<td>range [1, 366]</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>8</td>
<td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tm_isdst</code></td>
<td>0, 1 or -1; see below</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>N/A</td>
<td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tm_zone</code></td>
<td>abbreviation of timezone name</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>N/A</td>
<td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tm_gmtoff</code></td>
<td>offset east of UTC in seconds</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Note that unlike the C structure, the month value is a range of [1, 12], not
[0, 11].
In calls to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.mktime" title="time.mktime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">mktime()</code></a>, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tm_isdst</code> may be set to 1 when daylight
savings time is in effect, and 0 when it is not. A value of -1 indicates that
this is not known, and will usually result in the correct state being filled in.
When a tuple with an incorrect length is passed to a function expecting a
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">struct_time</code></a>, or having elements of the wrong type, a
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">TypeError</code></a> is raised.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.time">
time.time() &#x2192; <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float">float</a><a class="headerlink" href="#time.time" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the time in seconds since the <a class="reference internal" href="#epoch">epoch</a> as a floating point
number. The specific date of the epoch and the handling of
<a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_second">leap seconds</a> is platform dependent.
On Windows and most Unix systems, the epoch is January 1, 1970,
00:00:00 (UTC) and leap seconds are not counted towards the time
in seconds since the epoch. This is commonly referred to as
<a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time">Unix time</a>.
To find out what the epoch is on a given platform, look at
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">gmtime(0)</code>.
Note that even though the time is always returned as a floating point
number, not all systems provide time with a better precision than 1 second.
While this function normally returns non-decreasing values, it can return a
lower value than a previous call if the system clock has been set back
between the two calls.
The number returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time()</code></a> may be converted into a more common
time format (i.e. year, month, day, hour, etc…) in UTC by passing it to
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">gmtime()</code></a> function or in local time by passing it to the
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code></a> function. In both cases a
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">struct_time</code></a> object is returned, from which the components
of the calendar date may be accessed as attributes.
Use <a class="reference internal" href="#time.time_ns" title="time.time_ns"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time_ns()</code></a> to avoid the precision loss caused by the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">float</code></a>
type.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.time_ns">
time.time_ns() &#x2192; <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int">int</a><a class="headerlink" href="#time.time_ns" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time()</code></a> but returns time as an integer number of nanoseconds
since the <a class="reference internal" href="#epoch">epoch</a>.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.7.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.thread_time">
time.thread_time() &#x2192; <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float">float</a><a class="headerlink" href="#time.thread_time" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the value (in fractional seconds) of the sum of the system and user
CPU time of the current thread. It does not include time elapsed during
sleep. It is thread-specific by definition. The reference point of the
returned value is undefined, so that only the difference between the results
of two calls in the same thread is valid.
Use <a class="reference internal" href="#time.thread_time_ns" title="time.thread_time_ns"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">thread_time_ns()</code></a> to avoid the precision loss caused by the
<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">float</code></a> type.
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability">Availability</a>: Windows, Linux, Unix systems supporting
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID</code>.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.7.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.thread_time_ns">
time.thread_time_ns() &#x2192; <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int">int</a><a class="headerlink" href="#time.thread_time_ns" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.thread_time" title="time.thread_time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">thread_time()</code></a> but return time as nanoseconds.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.7.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.tzset">
time.tzset()<a class="headerlink" href="#time.tzset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Reset the time conversion rules used by the library routines. The environment
variable <code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate">TZ</code> specifies how this is done. It will also set the variables
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">tzname</code> (from the <code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate">TZ</code> environment variable), <code class="docutils literal notranslate">timezone</code> (non-DST
seconds West of UTC), <code class="docutils literal notranslate">altzone</code> (DST seconds west of UTC) and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">daylight</code>
(to 0 if this timezone does not have any daylight saving time rules, or to
nonzero if there is a time, past, present or future when daylight saving time
applies).
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability">Availability</a>: Unix.
<div class="admonition note">
Note
Although in many cases, changing the <code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate">TZ</code> environment variable may
affect the output of functions like <a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code></a> without calling
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.tzset" title="time.tzset"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">tzset()</code></a>, this behavior should not be relied on.
The <code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate">TZ</code> environment variable should contain no whitespace.
</div>
The standard format of the <code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate">TZ</code> environment variable is (whitespace
added for clarity):
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>std offset [dst [offset [,start[/time], end[/time]]]]
</pre></div>
</div>
Where the components are:
<dl>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate">std</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">dst</code></dt><dd>Three or more alphanumerics giving the timezone abbreviations. These will be
propagated into time.tzname
</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate">offset</code></dt><dd>The offset has the form: <code class="docutils literal notranslate">± hh[:mm[:ss]]</code>. This indicates the value
added the local time to arrive at UTC. If preceded by a ‘-’, the timezone
is east of the Prime Meridian; otherwise, it is west. If no offset follows
dst, summer time is assumed to be one hour ahead of standard time.
</dd>
<dt><code class="docutils literal notranslate">start[/time], end[/time]</code></dt><dd>Indicates when to change to and back from DST. The format of the
start and end dates are one of the following:
<dl class="simple">
<dt><code class="samp docutils literal notranslate">Jn</code></dt><dd>The Julian day n (1 &lt;= n &lt;= 365). Leap days are not counted, so in
all years February 28 is day 59 and March 1 is day 60.
</dd>
<dt><code class="samp docutils literal notranslate">n</code></dt><dd>The zero-based Julian day (0 &lt;= n &lt;= 365). Leap days are counted, and
it is possible to refer to February 29.
</dd>
<dt><code class="samp docutils literal notranslate">Mm.n.d</code></dt><dd>The d’th day (0 &lt;= d &lt;= 6) of week n of month m of the year (1
&lt;= n &lt;= 5, 1 &lt;= m &lt;= 12, where week 5 means “the last d day in
month m” which may occur in either the fourth or the fifth
week). Week 1 is the first week in which the d’th day occurs. Day
zero is a Sunday.
</dd>
</dl>
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">time</code> has the same format as <code class="docutils literal notranslate">offset</code> except that no leading sign
(‘-’ or ‘+’) is allowed. The default, if time is not given, is 02:00:00.
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>&gt;&gt;&gt; os.environ[&#39;TZ&#39;] = &#39;EST+05EDT,M4.1.0,M10.5.0&#39;
&gt;&gt;&gt; time.tzset()
&gt;&gt;&gt; time.strftime(&#39;%X %x %Z&#39;)
&#39;02:07:36 05/08/03 EDT&#39;
&gt;&gt;&gt; os.environ[&#39;TZ&#39;] = &#39;AEST-10AEDT-11,M10.5.0,M3.5.0&#39;
&gt;&gt;&gt; time.tzset()
&gt;&gt;&gt; time.strftime(&#39;%X %x %Z&#39;)
&#39;16:08:12 05/08/03 AEST&#39;
</pre></div>
</div>
On many Unix systems (including *BSD, Linux, Solaris, and Darwin), it is more
convenient to use the system’s zoneinfo (<a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/tzfile(5)">tzfile(5)</a>) database to
specify the timezone rules. To do this, set the <code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate">TZ</code> environment
variable to the path of the required timezone datafile, relative to the root of
the systems ‘zoneinfo’ timezone database, usually located at
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate">/usr/share/zoneinfo</code>. For example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'US/Eastern'</code>,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">'Australia/Melbourne'</code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'Egypt'</code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'Europe/Amsterdam'</code>.
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>&gt;&gt;&gt; os.environ[&#39;TZ&#39;] = &#39;US/Eastern&#39;
&gt;&gt;&gt; time.tzset()
&gt;&gt;&gt; time.tzname
(&#39;EST&#39;, &#39;EDT&#39;)
&gt;&gt;&gt; os.environ[&#39;TZ&#39;] = &#39;Egypt&#39;
&gt;&gt;&gt; time.tzset()
&gt;&gt;&gt; time.tzname
(&#39;EET&#39;, &#39;EEST&#39;)
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

</section>
<section id="clock-id-constants">
<h2>Clock ID Constants<a class="headerlink" href="#clock-id-constants" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
These constants are used as parameters for <a class="reference internal" href="#time.clock_getres" title="time.clock_getres"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">clock_getres()</code></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.clock_gettime" title="time.clock_gettime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">clock_gettime()</code></a>.
<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_BOOTTIME">
time.CLOCK_BOOTTIME<a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_BOOTTIME" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Identical to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC" title="time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate">CLOCK_MONOTONIC</code></a>, except it also includes any time that
the system is suspended.
This allows applications to get a suspend-aware monotonic clock without
having to deal with the complications of <a class="reference internal" href="#time.CLOCK_REALTIME" title="time.CLOCK_REALTIME"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate">CLOCK_REALTIME</code></a>, which may
have discontinuities if the time is changed using <code class="docutils literal notranslate">settimeofday()</code> or
similar.
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability">Availability</a>: Linux 2.6.39 or later.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.7.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_HIGHRES">
time.CLOCK_HIGHRES<a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_HIGHRES" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>The Solaris OS has a <code class="docutils literal notranslate">CLOCK_HIGHRES</code> timer that attempts to use an optimal
hardware source, and may give close to nanosecond resolution.
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">CLOCK_HIGHRES</code> is the nonadjustable, high-resolution clock.
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability">Availability</a>: Solaris.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.3.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC">
time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC<a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Clock that cannot be set and represents monotonic time since some unspecified
starting point.
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability">Availability</a>: Unix.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.3.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW">
time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW<a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC" title="time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate">CLOCK_MONOTONIC</code></a>, but provides access to a raw
hardware-based time that is not subject to NTP adjustments.
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability">Availability</a>: Linux 2.6.28 and newer, macOS 10.12 and newer.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.3.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID">
time.CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID<a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>High-resolution per-process timer from the CPU.
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability">Availability</a>: Unix.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.3.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_PROF">
time.CLOCK_PROF<a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_PROF" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>High-resolution per-process timer from the CPU.
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability">Availability</a>: FreeBSD, NetBSD 7 or later, OpenBSD.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.7.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_TAI">
time.CLOCK_TAI<a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_TAI" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/nist-time-frequently-asked-questions-faq#tai">International Atomic Time</a>
The system must have a current leap second table in order for this to give
the correct answer. PTP or NTP software can maintain a leap second table.
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability">Availability</a>: Linux.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.9.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID">
time.CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID<a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Thread-specific CPU-time clock.
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability">Availability</a>: Unix.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.3.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_UPTIME">
time.CLOCK_UPTIME<a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_UPTIME" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Time whose absolute value is the time the system has been running and not
suspended, providing accurate uptime measurement, both absolute and
interval.
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability">Availability</a>: FreeBSD, OpenBSD 5.5 or later.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.7.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW">
time.CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW<a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Clock that increments monotonically, tracking the time since an arbitrary
point, unaffected by frequency or time adjustments and not incremented while
the system is asleep.
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability">Availability</a>: macOS 10.12 and newer.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.8.
</div>
</dd></dl>

The following constant is the only parameter that can be sent to
<a class="reference internal" href="#time.clock_settime" title="time.clock_settime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">clock_settime()</code></a>.
<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.CLOCK_REALTIME">
time.CLOCK_REALTIME<a class="headerlink" href="#time.CLOCK_REALTIME" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>System-wide real-time clock. Setting this clock requires appropriate
privileges.
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability">Availability</a>: Unix.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.3.
</div>
</dd></dl>

</section>
<section id="timezone-constants">
<h2>Timezone Constants<a class="headerlink" href="#timezone-constants" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.altzone">
time.altzone<a class="headerlink" href="#time.altzone" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>The offset of the local DST timezone, in seconds west of UTC, if one is defined.
This is negative if the local DST timezone is east of UTC (as in Western Europe,
including the UK). Only use this if <code class="docutils literal notranslate">daylight</code> is nonzero. See note below.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.daylight">
time.daylight<a class="headerlink" href="#time.daylight" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Nonzero if a DST timezone is defined. See note below.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.timezone">
time.timezone<a class="headerlink" href="#time.timezone" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>The offset of the local (non-DST) timezone, in seconds west of UTC (negative in
most of Western Europe, positive in the US, zero in the UK). See note below.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="time.tzname">
time.tzname<a class="headerlink" href="#time.tzname" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>A tuple of two strings: the first is the name of the local non-DST timezone, the
second is the name of the local DST timezone. If no DST timezone is defined,
the second string should not be used. See note below.
</dd></dl>

<div class="admonition note">
Note
For the above Timezone constants (<a class="reference internal" href="#time.altzone" title="time.altzone"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate">altzone</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#time.daylight" title="time.daylight"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate">daylight</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#time.timezone" title="time.timezone"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate">timezone</code></a>,
and <a class="reference internal" href="#time.tzname" title="time.tzname"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate">tzname</code></a>), the value is determined by the timezone rules in effect
at module load time or the last time <a class="reference internal" href="#time.tzset" title="time.tzset"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">tzset()</code></a> is called and may be incorrect
for times in the past. It is recommended to use the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tm_gmtoff</code> and
<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">tm_zone</code> results from <a class="reference internal" href="#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">localtime()</code></a> to obtain timezone information.
</div>
<div class="admonition seealso">
See also
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#module-datetime" title="datetime: Basic date and time types."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">datetime</code></a></dt><dd>More object-oriented interface to dates and times.
</dd>
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="locale.html#module-locale" title="locale: Internationalization services."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">locale</code></a></dt><dd>Internationalization services. The locale setting affects the interpretation
of many format specifiers in <a class="reference internal" href="#time.strftime" title="time.strftime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">strftime()</code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#time.strptime" title="time.strptime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">strptime()</code></a>.
</dd>
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html#module-calendar" title="calendar: Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation of the Unix cal program."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">calendar</code></a></dt><dd>General calendar-related functions. <a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html#calendar.timegm" title="calendar.timegm"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">timegm()</code></a> is the
inverse of <a class="reference internal" href="#time.gmtime" title="time.gmtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">gmtime()</code></a> from this module.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
Footnotes
<dl class="footnote brackets">
<dt class="label" id="id4">1(<a href="#id1">1</a>,<a href="#id2">2</a>,<a href="#id3">3</a>)</dt>
<dd>The use of <code class="docutils literal notranslate">%Z</code> is now deprecated, but the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">%z</code> escape that expands to the
preferred hour/minute offset is not supported by all ANSI C libraries. Also, a
strict reading of the original 1982 <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc822.html">RFC 822</a> standard calls for a two-digit
year (<code class="docutils literal notranslate">%y</code> rather than <code class="docutils literal notranslate">%Y</code>), but practice moved to 4-digit years long before the
year 2000. After that, <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc822.html">RFC 822</a> became obsolete and the 4-digit year has
been first recommended by <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1123.html">RFC 1123</a> and then mandated by <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2822.html">RFC 2822</a>.
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
</section>

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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#clock-id-constants">Clock ID Constants</a></li>
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