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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> <title>pty — Pseudo-terminal utilities — Python 3.10.12 documentation</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css?2022.1" /> <script data-url_root="../" id="documentation_options" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 3.10.12 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="fcntl — The fcntl and ioctl system calls" href="fcntl.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="tty — Terminal control functions" href="tty.html" /> <link rel="canonical" href="file:///usr/share/doc/python3.10/html/library/pty.html" /> <style> @media only screen { table.full-width-table { width: 100%; 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margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li class="switchers"> <div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div> <div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div> </li> <li> </li> <li id="cpython-language-and-version"> <a href="../index.html">3.10.12 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="unix.html" accesskey="U">Unix Specific Services</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pty</span></code> — Pseudo-terminal utilities</a></li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <section id="module-pty"> <span id="pty-pseudo-terminal-utilities"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-pty" title="pty: Pseudo-Terminal Handling for Unix. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pty</span></code></a> — Pseudo-terminal utilities<a class="headerlink" href="#module-pty" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.10/Lib/pty.py">Lib/pty.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" /> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-pty" title="pty: Pseudo-Terminal Handling for Unix. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pty</span></code></a> module defines operations for handling the pseudo-terminal concept: starting another process and being able to write to and read from its controlling terminal programmatically.</p> <p>Pseudo-terminal handling is highly platform dependent. This code is mainly tested on Linux, FreeBSD, and macOS (it is supposed to work on other POSIX platforms but it’s not been thoroughly tested).</p> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-pty" title="pty: Pseudo-Terminal Handling for Unix. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pty</span></code></a> module defines the following functions:</p> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="pty.fork"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">pty.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fork</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pty.fork" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Fork. Connect the child’s controlling terminal to a pseudo-terminal. Return value is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(pid,</span> <span class="pre">fd)</span></code>. Note that the child gets <em>pid</em> 0, and the <em>fd</em> is <em>invalid</em>. The parent’s return value is the <em>pid</em> of the child, and <em>fd</em> is a file descriptor connected to the child’s controlling terminal (and also to the child’s standard input and output).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="pty.openpty"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">pty.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">openpty</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pty.openpty" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Open a new pseudo-terminal pair, using <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.openpty" title="os.openpty"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.openpty()</span></code></a> if possible, or emulation code for generic Unix systems. Return a pair of file descriptors <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(master,</span> <span class="pre">slave)</span></code>, for the master and the slave end, respectively.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="pty.spawn"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">pty.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">spawn</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">argv</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">master_read</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">stdin_read</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pty.spawn" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Spawn a process, and connect its controlling terminal with the current process’s standard io. This is often used to baffle programs which insist on reading from the controlling terminal. It is expected that the process spawned behind the pty will eventually terminate, and when it does <em>spawn</em> will return.</p> <p>A loop copies STDIN of the current process to the child and data received from the child to STDOUT of the current process. It is not signaled to the child if STDIN of the current process closes down.</p> <p>The functions <em>master_read</em> and <em>stdin_read</em> are passed a file descriptor which they should read from, and they should always return a byte string. In order to force spawn to return before the child process exits an empty byte array should be returned to signal end of file.</p> <p>The default implementation for both functions will read and return up to 1024 bytes each time the function is called. The <em>master_read</em> callback is passed the pseudoterminal’s master file descriptor to read output from the child process, and <em>stdin_read</em> is passed file descriptor 0, to read from the parent process’s standard input.</p> <p>Returning an empty byte string from either callback is interpreted as an end-of-file (EOF) condition, and that callback will not be called after that. If <em>stdin_read</em> signals EOF the controlling terminal can no longer communicate with the parent process OR the child process. Unless the child process will quit without any input, <em>spawn</em> will then loop forever. If <em>master_read</em> signals EOF the same behavior results (on linux at least).</p> <p>Return the exit status value from <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.waitpid" title="os.waitpid"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.waitpid()</span></code></a> on the child process.</p> <p><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">waitstatus_to_exitcode()</span></code> can be used to convert the exit status into an exit code.</p> <p class="audit-hook">Raises an <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#auditing"><span class="std std-ref">auditing event</span></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pty.spawn</span></code> with argument <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">argv</span></code>.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.4: </span><a class="reference internal" href="#pty.spawn" title="pty.spawn"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spawn()</span></code></a> now returns the status value from <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.waitpid" title="os.waitpid"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.waitpid()</span></code></a> on the child process.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <section id="example"> <h2>Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The following program acts like the Unix command <em class="manpage"><a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/script(1)">script(1)</a></em>, using a pseudo-terminal to record all input and output of a terminal session in a “typescript”.</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">argparse</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pty</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">time</span> <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">argparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-a'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'append'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'store_true'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-p'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'use_python'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'store_true'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'filename'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nargs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'?'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">default</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'typescript'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">options</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="n">shell</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">executable</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">options</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">use_python</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">environ</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'SHELL'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'sh'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">options</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filename</span> <span class="n">mode</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'ab'</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">options</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="s1">'wb'</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mode</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">script</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1024</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">script</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">data</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Script started, file is'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">script</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="s1">'Script started on </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asctime</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encode</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="n">pty</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">spawn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">shell</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">read</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">script</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="s1">'Script done on </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asctime</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encode</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Script done, file is'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> 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