Gecko [ fernandoquevedodop.com ]

Name	Size	Permission
2to3.html	70.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
__future__.html	20.75 KB	-rw-r--r--
__main__.html	44.87 KB	-rw-r--r--
_thread.html	30.39 KB	-rw-r--r--
abc.html	46.87 KB	-rw-r--r--
aifc.html	35.56 KB	-rw-r--r--
allos.html	34.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
archiving.html	17 KB	-rw-r--r--
argparse.html	300.89 KB	-rw-r--r--
array.html	37.28 KB	-rw-r--r--
ast.html	293.08 KB	-rw-r--r--
asynchat.html	37.41 KB	-rw-r--r--
asyncio-api-index.html	27.68 KB	-rw-r--r--
asyncio-dev.html	36.1 KB	-rw-r--r--
asyncio-eventloop.html	204.43 KB	-rw-r--r--
asyncio-exceptions.html	17.11 KB	-rw-r--r--
asyncio-future.html	38.23 KB	-rw-r--r--
asyncio-llapi-index.html	61.97 KB	-rw-r--r--
asyncio-platforms.html	21.77 KB	-rw-r--r--
asyncio-policy.html	39.56 KB	-rw-r--r--
asyncio-protocol.html	118.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
asyncio-queue.html	31.86 KB	-rw-r--r--
asyncio-stream.html	69.98 KB	-rw-r--r--
asyncio-subprocess.html	49.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
asyncio-sync.html	42.79 KB	-rw-r--r--
asyncio-task.html	109.14 KB	-rw-r--r--
asyncio.html	17.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
asyncore.html	49.36 KB	-rw-r--r--
atexit.html	22.87 KB	-rw-r--r--
audioop.html	46 KB	-rw-r--r--
audit_events.html	72.85 KB	-rw-r--r--
base64.html	48.09 KB	-rw-r--r--
bdb.html	66 KB	-rw-r--r--
binary.html	15.97 KB	-rw-r--r--
binascii.html	36.3 KB	-rw-r--r--
binhex.html	15.97 KB	-rw-r--r--
bisect.html	43.38 KB	-rw-r--r--
builtins.html	14.87 KB	-rw-r--r--
bz2.html	50.68 KB	-rw-r--r--
calendar.html	69.35 KB	-rw-r--r--
cgi.html	59.95 KB	-rw-r--r--
cgitb.html	19.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
chunk.html	22.21 KB	-rw-r--r--
cmath.html	43.89 KB	-rw-r--r--
cmd.html	50.42 KB	-rw-r--r--
code.html	35.38 KB	-rw-r--r--
codecs.html	157.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
codeop.html	18.26 KB	-rw-r--r--
collections.abc.html	79.17 KB	-rw-r--r--
collections.html	189.43 KB	-rw-r--r--
colorsys.html	17.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
compileall.html	50.68 KB	-rw-r--r--
concurrency.html	24.15 KB	-rw-r--r--
concurrent.futures.html	79.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
concurrent.html	11.56 KB	-rw-r--r--
configparser.html	159.4 KB	-rw-r--r--
constants.html	22.41 KB	-rw-r--r--
contextlib.html	117.2 KB	-rw-r--r--
contextvars.html	38.38 KB	-rw-r--r--
copy.html	17.92 KB	-rw-r--r--
copyreg.html	18.63 KB	-rw-r--r--
crypt.html	28.29 KB	-rw-r--r--
crypto.html	13.93 KB	-rw-r--r--
csv.html	82.89 KB	-rw-r--r--
ctypes.html	295.49 KB	-rw-r--r--
curses.ascii.html	32.04 KB	-rw-r--r--
curses.html	221.24 KB	-rw-r--r--
curses.panel.html	22.16 KB	-rw-r--r--
custominterp.html	11.85 KB	-rw-r--r--
dataclasses.html	113.16 KB	-rw-r--r--
datatypes.html	31.82 KB	-rw-r--r--
datetime.html	374.92 KB	-rw-r--r--
dbm.html	51.16 KB	-rw-r--r--
debug.html	17 KB	-rw-r--r--
decimal.html	270.12 KB	-rw-r--r--
development.html	32.34 KB	-rw-r--r--
devmode.html	31.72 KB	-rw-r--r--
dialog.html	43.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
difflib.html	111.99 KB	-rw-r--r--
dis.html	136.07 KB	-rw-r--r--
distribution.html	13.67 KB	-rw-r--r--
distutils.html	14.73 KB	-rw-r--r--
doctest.html	199.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
email.charset.html	31.92 KB	-rw-r--r--
email.compat32-message.html	97.74 KB	-rw-r--r--
email.contentmanager.html	37.02 KB	-rw-r--r--
email.encoders.html	18.47 KB	-rw-r--r--
email.errors.html	24.45 KB	-rw-r--r--
email.examples.html	60.49 KB	-rw-r--r--
email.generator.html	48.79 KB	-rw-r--r--
email.header.html	37.61 KB	-rw-r--r--
email.headerregistry.html	66.26 KB	-rw-r--r--
email.html	30.75 KB	-rw-r--r--
email.iterators.html	18.23 KB	-rw-r--r--
email.message.html	99.75 KB	-rw-r--r--
email.mime.html	44.89 KB	-rw-r--r--
email.parser.html	57.39 KB	-rw-r--r--
email.policy.html	84.24 KB	-rw-r--r--
email.utils.html	42.57 KB	-rw-r--r--
ensurepip.html	23.9 KB	-rw-r--r--
enum.html	151 KB	-rw-r--r--
errno.html	60.17 KB	-rw-r--r--
exceptions.html	108.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
faulthandler.html	31.5 KB	-rw-r--r--
fcntl.html	36.67 KB	-rw-r--r--
filecmp.html	32.08 KB	-rw-r--r--
fileformats.html	13.52 KB	-rw-r--r--
fileinput.html	40.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
filesys.html	16.78 KB	-rw-r--r--
fnmatch.html	21.02 KB	-rw-r--r--
fractions.html	35.29 KB	-rw-r--r--
frameworks.html	16.15 KB	-rw-r--r--
ftplib.html	71.97 KB	-rw-r--r--
functional.html	12.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
functions.html	260.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
functools.html	92.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
gc.html	40.97 KB	-rw-r--r--
getopt.html	29.4 KB	-rw-r--r--
getpass.html	16.01 KB	-rw-r--r--
gettext.html	98.02 KB	-rw-r--r--
glob.html	27.2 KB	-rw-r--r--
graphlib.html	34.82 KB	-rw-r--r--
grp.html	16.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
gzip.html	45.65 KB	-rw-r--r--
hashlib.html	93.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
heapq.html	42.43 KB	-rw-r--r--
hmac.html	24.74 KB	-rw-r--r--
html.entities.html	14.91 KB	-rw-r--r--
html.html	14.81 KB	-rw-r--r--
html.parser.html	47.7 KB	-rw-r--r--
http.client.html	85.63 KB	-rw-r--r--
http.cookiejar.html	113.94 KB	-rw-r--r--
http.cookies.html	47.64 KB	-rw-r--r--
http.html	45.52 KB	-rw-r--r--
http.server.html	73.05 KB	-rw-r--r--
i18n.html	13.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
idle.html	77.18 KB	-rw-r--r--
imaplib.html	87.08 KB	-rw-r--r--
imghdr.html	17.94 KB	-rw-r--r--
imp.html	54.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
importlib.html	239.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
importlib.metadata.html	43.14 KB	-rw-r--r--
index.html	75.06 KB	-rw-r--r--
inspect.html	168.74 KB	-rw-r--r--
internet.html	29.89 KB	-rw-r--r--
intro.html	13.81 KB	-rw-r--r--
io.html	154.15 KB	-rw-r--r--
ipaddress.html	137.75 KB	-rw-r--r--
ipc.html	12.6 KB	-rw-r--r--
itertools.html	153.27 KB	-rw-r--r--
json.html	98.9 KB	-rw-r--r--
keyword.html	14.88 KB	-rw-r--r--
language.html	16.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
linecache.html	18.09 KB	-rw-r--r--
locale.html	77.35 KB	-rw-r--r--
logging.config.html	100.3 KB	-rw-r--r--
logging.handlers.html	146.28 KB	-rw-r--r--
logging.html	169.67 KB	-rw-r--r--
lzma.html	66.89 KB	-rw-r--r--
mailbox.html	176.34 KB	-rw-r--r--
mailcap.html	20.86 KB	-rw-r--r--
markup.html	22.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
marshal.html	24.43 KB	-rw-r--r--
math.html	85.82 KB	-rw-r--r--
mimetypes.html	40.27 KB	-rw-r--r--
mm.html	11.16 KB	-rw-r--r--
mmap.html	55.53 KB	-rw-r--r--
modulefinder.html	23.67 KB	-rw-r--r--
modules.html	15.88 KB	-rw-r--r--
msilib.html	78.38 KB	-rw-r--r--
msvcrt.html	29.22 KB	-rw-r--r--
multiprocessing.html	405.24 KB	-rw-r--r--
multiprocessing.shared_memory....	60 KB	-rw-r--r--
netdata.html	20.24 KB	-rw-r--r--
netrc.html	20.39 KB	-rw-r--r--
nis.html	16.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
nntplib.html	84.93 KB	-rw-r--r--
numbers.html	45.67 KB	-rw-r--r--
numeric.html	19.29 KB	-rw-r--r--
operator.html	107.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
optparse.html	256.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
os.html	594.39 KB	-rw-r--r--
os.path.html	65.54 KB	-rw-r--r--
ossaudiodev.html	56.35 KB	-rw-r--r--
pathlib.html	170.01 KB	-rw-r--r--
pdb.html	68.67 KB	-rw-r--r--
persistence.html	19.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
pickle.html	154.45 KB	-rw-r--r--
pickletools.html	22.92 KB	-rw-r--r--
pipes.html	21.7 KB	-rw-r--r--
pkgutil.html	42.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
platform.html	45.08 KB	-rw-r--r--
plistlib.html	30.06 KB	-rw-r--r--
poplib.html	41.42 KB	-rw-r--r--
posix.html	20.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
pprint.html	55.35 KB	-rw-r--r--
profile.html	84.63 KB	-rw-r--r--
pty.html	23.7 KB	-rw-r--r--
pwd.html	16.84 KB	-rw-r--r--
py_compile.html	29 KB	-rw-r--r--
pyclbr.html	24.06 KB	-rw-r--r--
pydoc.html	19.59 KB	-rw-r--r--
pyexpat.html	104.38 KB	-rw-r--r--
python.html	22.46 KB	-rw-r--r--
queue.html	43.39 KB	-rw-r--r--
quopri.html	18.64 KB	-rw-r--r--
random.html	86.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
re.html	214.24 KB	-rw-r--r--
readline.html	50.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
reprlib.html	30.85 KB	-rw-r--r--
resource.html	48.26 KB	-rw-r--r--
rlcompleter.html	18.06 KB	-rw-r--r--
runpy.html	30.99 KB	-rw-r--r--
sched.html	27.04 KB	-rw-r--r--
secrets.html	30.2 KB	-rw-r--r--
security_warnings.html	16.21 KB	-rw-r--r--
select.html	74.58 KB	-rw-r--r--
selectors.html	41.91 KB	-rw-r--r--
shelve.html	36.54 KB	-rw-r--r--
shlex.html	61.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
shutil.html	100.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
signal.html	95.39 KB	-rw-r--r--
site.html	38.16 KB	-rw-r--r--
smtpd.html	44.09 KB	-rw-r--r--
smtplib.html	81.4 KB	-rw-r--r--
sndhdr.html	16.4 KB	-rw-r--r--
socket.html	256.95 KB	-rw-r--r--
socketserver.html	91.95 KB	-rw-r--r--
spwd.html	16.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
sqlite3.html	225.51 KB	-rw-r--r--
ssl.html	328.83 KB	-rw-r--r--
stat.html	57.79 KB	-rw-r--r--
statistics.html	123.22 KB	-rw-r--r--
stdtypes.html	615.43 KB	-rw-r--r--
string.html	108.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
stringprep.html	24.94 KB	-rw-r--r--
struct.html	70.58 KB	-rw-r--r--
subprocess.html	199.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
sunau.html	39.84 KB	-rw-r--r--
superseded.html	26.21 KB	-rw-r--r--
symtable.html	33.26 KB	-rw-r--r--
sys.html	198.83 KB	-rw-r--r--
sysconfig.html	39.81 KB	-rw-r--r--
syslog.html	27.36 KB	-rw-r--r--
tabnanny.html	16.18 KB	-rw-r--r--
tarfile.html	161.92 KB	-rw-r--r--
telnetlib.html	38.21 KB	-rw-r--r--
tempfile.html	58.39 KB	-rw-r--r--
termios.html	22.86 KB	-rw-r--r--
test.html	222.85 KB	-rw-r--r--
text.html	16.8 KB	-rw-r--r--
textwrap.html	48.83 KB	-rw-r--r--
threading.html	128.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
time.html	107.46 KB	-rw-r--r--
timeit.html	52.63 KB	-rw-r--r--
tk.html	28.08 KB	-rw-r--r--
tkinter.colorchooser.html	14.49 KB	-rw-r--r--
tkinter.dnd.html	17.09 KB	-rw-r--r--
tkinter.font.html	22.21 KB	-rw-r--r--
tkinter.html	106.85 KB	-rw-r--r--
tkinter.messagebox.html	20.09 KB	-rw-r--r--
tkinter.scrolledtext.html	14.52 KB	-rw-r--r--
tkinter.tix.html	59.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
tkinter.ttk.html	138.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
token.html	45.73 KB	-rw-r--r--
tokenize.html	39.86 KB	-rw-r--r--
trace.html	38.85 KB	-rw-r--r--
traceback.html	75.61 KB	-rw-r--r--
tracemalloc.html	122.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
tty.html	14.46 KB	-rw-r--r--
turtle.html	271.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
types.html	64.85 KB	-rw-r--r--
typing.html	315.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
unicodedata.html	27.3 KB	-rw-r--r--
unittest.html	310.01 KB	-rw-r--r--
unittest.mock-examples.html	177.75 KB	-rw-r--r--
unittest.mock.html	363.51 KB	-rw-r--r--
unix.html	13.46 KB	-rw-r--r--
urllib.error.html	18.56 KB	-rw-r--r--
urllib.html	12.92 KB	-rw-r--r--
urllib.parse.html	104.65 KB	-rw-r--r--
urllib.request.html	208.87 KB	-rw-r--r--
urllib.robotparser.html	22.63 KB	-rw-r--r--
uu.html	18.2 KB	-rw-r--r--
uuid.html	42.88 KB	-rw-r--r--
venv.html	90.43 KB	-rw-r--r--
warnings.html	69.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
wave.html	36.12 KB	-rw-r--r--
weakref.html	73.36 KB	-rw-r--r--
webbrowser.html	33.98 KB	-rw-r--r--
windows.html	12.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
winreg.html	89.48 KB	-rw-r--r--
winsound.html	26.3 KB	-rw-r--r--
wsgiref.html	111.52 KB	-rw-r--r--
xdrlib.html	42.07 KB	-rw-r--r--
xml.dom.html	114.66 KB	-rw-r--r--
xml.dom.minidom.html	49.6 KB	-rw-r--r--
xml.dom.pulldom.html	30.06 KB	-rw-r--r--
xml.etree.elementtree.html	186.49 KB	-rw-r--r--
xml.html	22.34 KB	-rw-r--r--
xml.sax.handler.html	55.78 KB	-rw-r--r--
xml.sax.html	31.74 KB	-rw-r--r--
xml.sax.reader.html	56.23 KB	-rw-r--r--
xml.sax.utils.html	22.28 KB	-rw-r--r--
xmlrpc.client.html	79.73 KB	-rw-r--r--
xmlrpc.html	11.9 KB	-rw-r--r--
xmlrpc.server.html	63.56 KB	-rw-r--r--
zipapp.html	52.45 KB	-rw-r--r--
zipfile.html	116.59 KB	-rw-r--r--
zipimport.html	33.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
zlib.html	42.29 KB	-rw-r--r--
zoneinfo.html	57.25 KB	-rw-r--r--

Code Editor : gettext.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>gettext — Multilingual internationalization services &#8212; Python 3.10.12 documentation</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 
 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css" />
 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css?2022.1" />
 
 <script data-url_root="../" id="documentation_options" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
 <script src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
 <script src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
 <script src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
 
 <script src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script>
 
 <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"
 title="Search within Python 3.10.12 documentation"
 href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/>
 <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" />
 <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" />
 <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" />
 <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" />
 <link rel="next" title="locale — Internationalization services" href="locale.html" />
 <link rel="prev" title="Internationalization" href="i18n.html" />
 <link rel="canonical" href="file:///usr/share/doc/python3.10/html/library/gettext.html" />

</head>
<body>
<div class="mobile-nav">
 <input type="checkbox" id="menuToggler" class="toggler__input" aria-controls="navigation"
 aria-pressed="false" aria-expanded="false" role="button" aria-label="Menu" />
 <label for="menuToggler" class="toggler__label">
 
 </label>
 <nav class="nav-content" role="navigation">
 <a href="https://www.python.org/" class="nav-logo">
 <img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="Logo"/>
 </a>
 <div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div>
 <form role="search" class="search" action="../search.html" method="get">
 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="search-icon">
 <path fill-rule="nonzero"
 d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27a6.5 6.5 0 001.48-5.34c-.47-2.78-2.79-5-5.59-5.34a6.505 6.505 0 00-7.27 7.27c.34 2.8 2.56 5.12 5.34 5.59a6.5 6.5 0 005.34-1.48l.27.28v.79l4.25 4.25c.41.41 1.08.41 1.49 0 .41-.41.41-1.08 0-1.49L15.5 14zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z" fill="#444"></path>
 </svg>
 <input type="text" name="q" aria-label="Quick search"/>
 <input type="submit" value="Go"/>
 </form>
 </nav>
 <div class="menu-wrapper">
 <nav class="menu" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
 <div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div>
 <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
 <ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">gettext</code> — Multilingual internationalization services</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gnu-gettext-api">GNU gettext API</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-based-api">Class-based API</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-nulltranslations-class">The <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">NullTranslations</code> class</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-gnutranslations-class">The <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">GNUTranslations</code> class</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#solaris-message-catalog-support">Solaris message catalog support</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-catalog-constructor">The Catalog constructor</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#internationalizing-your-programs-and-modules">Internationalizing your programs and modules</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#localizing-your-module">Localizing your module</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#localizing-your-application">Localizing your application</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#changing-languages-on-the-fly">Changing languages on the fly</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#deferred-translations">Deferred translations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

<div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation">
 <h3>Navigation</h3>
 <ul>
 <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
 <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
 accesskey="I">index</a></li>
 <li class="right" >
 <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
 >modules</a> |</li>
 <li class="right" >
 <a href="locale.html" title="locale — Internationalization services"
 accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
 <li class="right" >
 <a href="i18n.html" title="Internationalization"
 accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>

<li><img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="python logo" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li>
 <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> &#187;</li>
 <li class="switchers">
 <div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div>
 <div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div>
 </li>
 <li>
 
 </li>
 <li id="cpython-language-and-version">
 <a href="../index.html">3.10.12 Documentation</a> &#187;
 </li>

<li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> &#187;</li>
 <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="i18n.html" accesskey="U">Internationalization</a> &#187;</li>
 <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">gettext</code> — Multilingual internationalization services</a></li>
 <li class="right">

<div class="document">
 <div class="documentwrapper">
 <div class="bodywrapper">
 <div class="body" role="main">
 
 <section id="module-gettext">
<h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-gettext" title="gettext: Multilingual internationalization services."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">gettext</code></a> — Multilingual internationalization services<a class="headerlink" href="#module-gettext" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
Source code: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.10/Lib/gettext.py">Lib/gettext.py</a>
<hr class="docutils" />
The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-gettext" title="gettext: Multilingual internationalization services."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">gettext</code></a> module provides internationalization (I18N) and localization
(L10N) services for your Python modules and applications. It supports both the
GNU gettext message catalog API and a higher level, class-based API that may
be more appropriate for Python files. The interface described below allows you
to write your module and application messages in one natural language, and
provide a catalog of translated messages for running under different natural
languages.
Some hints on localizing your Python modules and applications are also given.
<section id="gnu-gettext-api">
<h2>GNU gettext API<a class="headerlink" href="#gnu-gettext-api" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-gettext" title="gettext: Multilingual internationalization services."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">gettext</code></a> module defines the following API, which is very similar to
the GNU gettext API. If you use this API you will affect the
translation of your entire application globally. Often this is what you want if
your application is monolingual, with the choice of language dependent on the
locale of your user. If you are localizing a Python module, or if your
application needs to switch languages on the fly, you probably want to use the
class-based API instead.
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.bindtextdomain">
gettext.bindtextdomain(domain, localedir=None)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.bindtextdomain" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Bind the domain to the locale directory localedir. More concretely,
<a class="reference internal" href="#module-gettext" title="gettext: Multilingual internationalization services."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">gettext</code></a> will look for binary <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">.mo</code> files for the given domain using
the path (on Unix): <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">localedir/language/LC_MESSAGES/domain.mo</code>, where
language is searched for in the environment variables <code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate">LANGUAGE</code>,
<code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate">LC_ALL</code>, <code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate">LC_MESSAGES</code>, and <code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate">LANG</code> respectively.
If localedir is omitted or <code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code>, then the current binding for domain is
returned. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id3" id="id1">1</a>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset">
gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset(domain, codeset=None)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Bind the domain to codeset, changing the encoding of byte strings
returned by the <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.lgettext" title="gettext.lgettext"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">lgettext()</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.ldgettext" title="gettext.ldgettext"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">ldgettext()</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.lngettext" title="gettext.lngettext"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">lngettext()</code></a>
and <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.ldngettext" title="gettext.ldngettext"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">ldngettext()</code></a> functions.
If codeset is omitted, then the current binding is returned.
<div class="deprecated-removed">
Deprecated since version 3.8, removed in version 3.10.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.textdomain">
gettext.textdomain(domain=None)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.textdomain" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Change or query the current global domain. If domain is <code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code>, then the
current global domain is returned, otherwise the global domain is set to
domain, which is returned.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.gettext">
gettext.gettext(message)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.gettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the localized translation of message, based on the current global
domain, language, and locale directory. This function is usually aliased as
<code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">_()</code> in the local namespace (see examples below).
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.dgettext">
gettext.dgettext(domain, message)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.dgettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Like <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.gettext" title="gettext.gettext"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">gettext()</code></a>, but look the message up in the specified domain.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.ngettext">
gettext.ngettext(singular, plural, n)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.ngettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Like <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.gettext" title="gettext.gettext"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">gettext()</code></a>, but consider plural forms. If a translation is found,
apply the plural formula to n, and return the resulting message (some
languages have more than two plural forms). If no translation is found, return
singular if n is 1; return plural otherwise.
The Plural formula is taken from the catalog header. It is a C or Python
expression that has a free variable n; the expression evaluates to the index
of the plural in the catalog. See
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html">the GNU gettext documentation</a>
for the precise syntax to be used in <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">.po</code> files and the
formulas for a variety of languages.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.dngettext">
gettext.dngettext(domain, singular, plural, n)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.dngettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Like <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.ngettext" title="gettext.ngettext"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">ngettext()</code></a>, but look the message up in the specified domain.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.pgettext">
gettext.pgettext(context, message)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.pgettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.dpgettext">
gettext.dpgettext(domain, context, message)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.dpgettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.npgettext">
gettext.npgettext(context, singular, plural, n)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.npgettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.dnpgettext">
gettext.dnpgettext(domain, context, singular, plural, n)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.dnpgettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Similar to the corresponding functions without the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">p</code> in the prefix (that
is, <a class="reference internal" href="#module-gettext" title="gettext: Multilingual internationalization services."><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">gettext()</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.dgettext" title="gettext.dgettext"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">dgettext()</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.ngettext" title="gettext.ngettext"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">ngettext()</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.dngettext" title="gettext.dngettext"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">dngettext()</code></a>),
but the translation is restricted to the given message context.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.8.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.lgettext">
gettext.lgettext(message)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.lgettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.ldgettext">
gettext.ldgettext(domain, message)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.ldgettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.lngettext">
gettext.lngettext(singular, plural, n)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.lngettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.ldngettext">
gettext.ldngettext(domain, singular, plural, n)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.ldngettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Equivalent to the corresponding functions without the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">l</code> prefix
(<a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.gettext" title="gettext.gettext"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">gettext()</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.dgettext" title="gettext.dgettext"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">dgettext()</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.ngettext" title="gettext.ngettext"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">ngettext()</code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.dngettext" title="gettext.dngettext"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">dngettext()</code></a>),
but the translation is returned as a byte string encoded in the preferred
system encoding if no other encoding was explicitly set with
<a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset" title="gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">bind_textdomain_codeset()</code></a>.
<div class="admonition warning">
Warning
These functions should be avoided in Python 3, because they return
encoded bytes. It’s much better to use alternatives which return
Unicode strings instead, since most Python applications will want to
manipulate human readable text as strings instead of bytes. Further,
it’s possible that you may get unexpected Unicode-related exceptions
if there are encoding problems with the translated strings.
</div>
<div class="deprecated-removed">
Deprecated since version 3.8, removed in version 3.10.
</div>
</dd></dl>

Note that GNU gettext also defines a <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">dcgettext()</code> method, but
this was deemed not useful and so it is currently unimplemented.
Here’s an example of typical usage for this API:
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>import gettext
gettext.bindtextdomain(&#39;myapplication&#39;, &#39;/path/to/my/language/directory&#39;)
gettext.textdomain(&#39;myapplication&#39;)
_ = gettext.gettext
# ...
print(_(&#39;This is a translatable string.&#39;))
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="class-based-api">
<h2>Class-based API<a class="headerlink" href="#class-based-api" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
The class-based API of the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-gettext" title="gettext: Multilingual internationalization services."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">gettext</code></a> module gives you more flexibility and
greater convenience than the GNU gettext API. It is the recommended
way of localizing your Python applications and modules. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">gettext</code> defines
a <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.GNUTranslations" title="gettext.GNUTranslations"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">GNUTranslations</code></a> class which implements the parsing of GNU <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">.mo</code> format
files, and has methods for returning strings. Instances of this class can also
install themselves in the built-in namespace as the function <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">_()</code>.
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.find">
gettext.find(domain, localedir=None, languages=None, all=False)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.find" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>This function implements the standard <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">.mo</code> file search algorithm. It
takes a domain, identical to what <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.textdomain" title="gettext.textdomain"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">textdomain()</code></a> takes. Optional
localedir is as in <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.bindtextdomain" title="gettext.bindtextdomain"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">bindtextdomain()</code></a>. Optional languages is a list of
strings, where each string is a language code.
If localedir is not given, then the default system locale directory is used.
<a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id4" id="id2">2</a> If languages is not given, then the following environment variables are
searched: <code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate">LANGUAGE</code>, <code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate">LC_ALL</code>, <code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate">LC_MESSAGES</code>, and
<code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate">LANG</code>. The first one returning a non-empty value is used for the
languages variable. The environment variables should contain a colon separated
list of languages, which will be split on the colon to produce the expected list
of language code strings.
<a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.find" title="gettext.find"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">find()</code></a> then expands and normalizes the languages, and then iterates
through them, searching for an existing file built of these components:
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate">localedir/language/LC_MESSAGES/domain.mo</code>
The first such file name that exists is returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.find" title="gettext.find"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">find()</code></a>. If no such
file is found, then <code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code> is returned. If all is given, it returns a list
of all file names, in the order in which they appear in the languages list or
the environment variables.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.translation">
gettext.translation(domain, localedir=None, languages=None, class_=None, fallback=False, codeset=None)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.translation" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">*Translations</code> instance based on the domain, localedir,
and languages, which are first passed to <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.find" title="gettext.find"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">find()</code></a> to get a list of the
associated <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">.mo</code> file paths. Instances with identical <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">.mo</code> file
names are cached. The actual class instantiated is class_ if
provided, otherwise <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.GNUTranslations" title="gettext.GNUTranslations"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">GNUTranslations</code></a>. The class’s constructor must
take a single <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object">file object</a> argument. If provided, codeset will change
the charset used to encode translated strings in the
<a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.lgettext" title="gettext.NullTranslations.lgettext"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">lgettext()</code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.lngettext" title="gettext.NullTranslations.lngettext"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">lngettext()</code></a>
methods.
If multiple files are found, later files are used as fallbacks for earlier ones.
To allow setting the fallback, <a class="reference internal" href="copy.html#copy.copy" title="copy.copy"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">copy.copy()</code></a> is used to clone each
translation object from the cache; the actual instance data is still shared with
the cache.
If no <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">.mo</code> file is found, this function raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OSError</code></a> if
fallback is false (which is the default), and returns a
<a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.NullTranslations" title="gettext.NullTranslations"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">NullTranslations</code></a> instance if fallback is true.
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 3.3: <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#IOError" title="IOError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">IOError</code></a> used to be raised instead of <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OSError</code></a>.
</div>
<div class="deprecated-removed">
Deprecated since version 3.8, removed in version 3.10: The codeset parameter.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.install">
gettext.install(domain, localedir=None, codeset=None, names=None)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.install" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>This installs the function <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">_()</code> in Python’s builtins namespace, based on
domain, localedir, and codeset which are passed to the function
<a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.translation" title="gettext.translation"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">translation()</code></a>.
For the names parameter, please see the description of the translation
object’s <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.install" title="gettext.NullTranslations.install"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">install()</code></a> method.
As seen below, you usually mark the strings in your application that are
candidates for translation, by wrapping them in a call to the <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">_()</code>
function, like this:
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>print(_(&#39;This string will be translated.&#39;))
</pre></div>
</div>
For convenience, you want the <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">_()</code> function to be installed in Python’s
builtins namespace, so it is easily accessible in all modules of your
application.
<div class="deprecated-removed">
Deprecated since version 3.8, removed in version 3.10: The codeset parameter.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<section id="the-nulltranslations-class">
<h3>The <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.NullTranslations" title="gettext.NullTranslations"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">NullTranslations</code></a> class<a class="headerlink" href="#the-nulltranslations-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
Translation classes are what actually implement the translation of original
source file message strings to translated message strings. The base class used
by all translation classes is <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.NullTranslations" title="gettext.NullTranslations"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">NullTranslations</code></a>; this provides the basic
interface you can use to write your own specialized translation classes. Here
are the methods of <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">NullTranslations</code>:
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.NullTranslations">
class gettext.NullTranslations(fp=None)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.NullTranslations" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Takes an optional <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object">file object</a> fp, which is ignored by the base class.
Initializes “protected” instance variables _info and _charset which are set
by derived classes, as well as _fallback, which is set through
<a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.add_fallback" title="gettext.NullTranslations.add_fallback"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">add_fallback()</code></a>. It then calls <code class="docutils literal notranslate">self._parse(fp)</code> if fp is not
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code>.
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.NullTranslations._parse">
_parse(fp)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.NullTranslations._parse" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>No-op in the base class, this method takes file object fp, and reads
the data from the file, initializing its message catalog. If you have an
unsupported message catalog file format, you should override this method
to parse your format.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.NullTranslations.add_fallback">
add_fallback(fallback)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.add_fallback" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Add fallback as the fallback object for the current translation object.
A translation object should consult the fallback if it cannot provide a
translation for a given message.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.NullTranslations.gettext">
gettext(message)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.gettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>If a fallback has been set, forward <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">gettext()</code> to the fallback.
Otherwise, return message. Overridden in derived classes.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.NullTranslations.ngettext">
ngettext(singular, plural, n)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.ngettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>If a fallback has been set, forward <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">ngettext()</code> to the fallback.
Otherwise, return singular if n is 1; return plural otherwise.
Overridden in derived classes.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.NullTranslations.pgettext">
pgettext(context, message)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.pgettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>If a fallback has been set, forward <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.pgettext" title="gettext.pgettext"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">pgettext()</code></a> to the fallback.
Otherwise, return the translated message. Overridden in derived classes.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.8.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.NullTranslations.npgettext">
npgettext(context, singular, plural, n)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.npgettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>If a fallback has been set, forward <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.npgettext" title="gettext.npgettext"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">npgettext()</code></a> to the fallback.
Otherwise, return the translated message. Overridden in derived classes.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.8.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.NullTranslations.lgettext">
lgettext(message)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.lgettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.NullTranslations.lngettext">
lngettext(singular, plural, n)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.lngettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Equivalent to <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.gettext" title="gettext.NullTranslations.gettext"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">gettext()</code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.ngettext" title="gettext.NullTranslations.ngettext"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">ngettext()</code></a>, but the translation
is returned as a byte string encoded in the preferred system encoding
if no encoding was explicitly set with <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.set_output_charset" title="gettext.NullTranslations.set_output_charset"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">set_output_charset()</code></a>.
Overridden in derived classes.
<div class="admonition warning">
Warning
These methods should be avoided in Python 3. See the warning for the
<a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.lgettext" title="gettext.lgettext"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">lgettext()</code></a> function.
</div>
<div class="deprecated-removed">
Deprecated since version 3.8, removed in version 3.10.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.NullTranslations.info">
info()<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.info" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the “protected” <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">_info</code> variable, a dictionary containing
the metadata found in the message catalog file.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.NullTranslations.charset">
charset()<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.charset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the encoding of the message catalog file.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.NullTranslations.output_charset">
output_charset()<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.output_charset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the encoding used to return translated messages in <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.lgettext" title="gettext.NullTranslations.lgettext"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">lgettext()</code></a>
and <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.lngettext" title="gettext.NullTranslations.lngettext"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">lngettext()</code></a>.
<div class="deprecated-removed">
Deprecated since version 3.8, removed in version 3.10.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.NullTranslations.set_output_charset">
set_output_charset(charset)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.set_output_charset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Change the encoding used to return translated messages.
<div class="deprecated-removed">
Deprecated since version 3.8, removed in version 3.10.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.NullTranslations.install">
install(names=None)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.install" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>This method installs <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.gettext" title="gettext.NullTranslations.gettext"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">gettext()</code></a> into the built-in namespace,
binding it to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">_</code>.
If the names parameter is given, it must be a sequence containing the
names of functions you want to install in the builtins namespace in
addition to <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">_()</code>. Supported names are <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'gettext'</code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'ngettext'</code>,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">'pgettext'</code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'npgettext'</code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'lgettext'</code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'lngettext'</code>.
Note that this is only one way, albeit the most convenient way, to make
the <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">_()</code> function available to your application. Because it affects
the entire application globally, and specifically the built-in namespace,
localized modules should never install <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">_()</code>. Instead, they should use
this code to make <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">_()</code> available to their module:
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>import gettext
t = gettext.translation(&#39;mymodule&#39;, ...)
_ = t.gettext
</pre></div>
</div>
This puts <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">_()</code> only in the module’s global namespace and so only
affects calls within this module.
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 3.8: Added <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'pgettext'</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'npgettext'</code>.
</div>
</dd></dl>

</dd></dl>

</section>
<section id="the-gnutranslations-class">
<h3>The <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.GNUTranslations" title="gettext.GNUTranslations"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">GNUTranslations</code></a> class<a class="headerlink" href="#the-gnutranslations-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-gettext" title="gettext: Multilingual internationalization services."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">gettext</code></a> module provides one additional class derived from
<a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.NullTranslations" title="gettext.NullTranslations"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">NullTranslations</code></a>: <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.GNUTranslations" title="gettext.GNUTranslations"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">GNUTranslations</code></a>. This class overrides
<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">_parse()</code> to enable reading GNU gettext format <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">.mo</code> files
in both big-endian and little-endian format.
<a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.GNUTranslations" title="gettext.GNUTranslations"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">GNUTranslations</code></a> parses optional metadata out of the translation
catalog. It is convention with GNU gettext to include metadata as
the translation for the empty string. This metadata is in <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc822.html">RFC 822</a>-style
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">key: value</code> pairs, and should contain the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">Project-Id-Version</code> key. If the
key <code class="docutils literal notranslate">Content-Type</code> is found, then the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">charset</code> property is used to
initialize the “protected” <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">_charset</code> instance variable, defaulting to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code> if not found. If the charset encoding is specified, then all message
ids and message strings read from the catalog are converted to Unicode using
this encoding, else ASCII is assumed.
Since message ids are read as Unicode strings too, all <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">*gettext()</code> methods
will assume message ids as Unicode strings, not byte strings.
The entire set of key/value pairs are placed into a dictionary and set as the
“protected” <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">_info</code> instance variable.
If the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">.mo</code> file’s magic number is invalid, the major version number is
unexpected, or if other problems occur while reading the file, instantiating a
<a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.GNUTranslations" title="gettext.GNUTranslations"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">GNUTranslations</code></a> class can raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OSError</code></a>.
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.GNUTranslations">
class gettext.GNUTranslations<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.GNUTranslations" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>The following methods are overridden from the base class implementation:
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.GNUTranslations.gettext">
gettext(message)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.GNUTranslations.gettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Look up the message id in the catalog and return the corresponding message
string, as a Unicode string. If there is no entry in the catalog for the
message id, and a fallback has been set, the look up is forwarded to the
fallback’s <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.gettext" title="gettext.NullTranslations.gettext"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">gettext()</code></a> method. Otherwise, the
message id is returned.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.GNUTranslations.ngettext">
ngettext(singular, plural, n)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.GNUTranslations.ngettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Do a plural-forms lookup of a message id. singular is used as the message id
for purposes of lookup in the catalog, while n is used to determine which
plural form to use. The returned message string is a Unicode string.
If the message id is not found in the catalog, and a fallback is specified,
the request is forwarded to the fallback’s <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.ngettext" title="gettext.NullTranslations.ngettext"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">ngettext()</code></a>
method. Otherwise, when n is 1 singular is returned, and plural is
returned in all other cases.
Here is an example:
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>n = len(os.listdir(&#39;.&#39;))
cat = GNUTranslations(somefile)
message = cat.ngettext(
 &#39;There is %(num)d file in this directory&#39;,
 &#39;There are %(num)d files in this directory&#39;,
 n) % {&#39;num&#39;: n}
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.GNUTranslations.pgettext">
pgettext(context, message)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.GNUTranslations.pgettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Look up the context and message id in the catalog and return the
corresponding message string, as a Unicode string. If there is no
entry in the catalog for the message id and context, and a fallback
has been set, the look up is forwarded to the fallback’s
<a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.pgettext" title="gettext.pgettext"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">pgettext()</code></a> method. Otherwise, the message id is returned.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.8.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.GNUTranslations.npgettext">
npgettext(context, singular, plural, n)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.GNUTranslations.npgettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Do a plural-forms lookup of a message id. singular is used as the
message id for purposes of lookup in the catalog, while n is used to
determine which plural form to use.
If the message id for context is not found in the catalog, and a
fallback is specified, the request is forwarded to the fallback’s
<a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.npgettext" title="gettext.npgettext"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">npgettext()</code></a> method. Otherwise, when n is 1 singular is
returned, and plural is returned in all other cases.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.8.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.GNUTranslations.lgettext">
lgettext(message)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.GNUTranslations.lgettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gettext.GNUTranslations.lngettext">
lngettext(singular, plural, n)<a class="headerlink" href="#gettext.GNUTranslations.lngettext" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Equivalent to <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.GNUTranslations.gettext" title="gettext.GNUTranslations.gettext"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">gettext()</code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.GNUTranslations.ngettext" title="gettext.GNUTranslations.ngettext"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">ngettext()</code></a>, but the translation
is returned as a byte string encoded in the preferred system encoding
if no encoding was explicitly set with
<a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.NullTranslations.set_output_charset" title="gettext.NullTranslations.set_output_charset"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">set_output_charset()</code></a>.
<div class="admonition warning">
Warning
These methods should be avoided in Python 3. See the warning for the
<a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.lgettext" title="gettext.lgettext"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">lgettext()</code></a> function.
</div>
<div class="deprecated-removed">
Deprecated since version 3.8, removed in version 3.10.
</div>
</dd></dl>

</dd></dl>

</section>
<section id="solaris-message-catalog-support">
<h3>Solaris message catalog support<a class="headerlink" href="#solaris-message-catalog-support" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
The Solaris operating system defines its own binary <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">.mo</code> file format, but
since no documentation can be found on this format, it is not supported at this
time.
</section>
<section id="the-catalog-constructor">
<h3>The Catalog constructor<a class="headerlink" href="#the-catalog-constructor" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
GNOME uses a version of the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-gettext" title="gettext: Multilingual internationalization services."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">gettext</code></a> module by James Henstridge, but this
version has a slightly different API. Its documented usage was:
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>import gettext
cat = gettext.Catalog(domain, localedir)
_ = cat.gettext
print(_(&#39;hello world&#39;))
</pre></div>
</div>
For compatibility with this older module, the function <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">Catalog()</code> is an
alias for the <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.translation" title="gettext.translation"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">translation()</code></a> function described above.
One difference between this module and Henstridge’s: his catalog objects
supported access through a mapping API, but this appears to be unused and so is
not currently supported.
</section>
</section>
<section id="internationalizing-your-programs-and-modules">
<h2>Internationalizing your programs and modules<a class="headerlink" href="#internationalizing-your-programs-and-modules" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
Internationalization (I18N) refers to the operation by which a program is made
aware of multiple languages. Localization (L10N) refers to the adaptation of
your program, once internationalized, to the local language and cultural habits.
In order to provide multilingual messages for your Python programs, you need to
take the following steps:
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>prepare your program or module by specially marking translatable strings</li>
<li>run a suite of tools over your marked files to generate raw messages catalogs</li>
<li>create language-specific translations of the message catalogs</li>
<li>use the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-gettext" title="gettext: Multilingual internationalization services."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">gettext</code></a> module so that message strings are properly translated</li>
</ol>
In order to prepare your code for I18N, you need to look at all the strings in
your files. Any string that needs to be translated should be marked by wrapping
it in <code class="docutils literal notranslate">_('...')</code> — that is, a call to the function <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">_()</code>. For example:
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>filename = &#39;mylog.txt&#39;
message = _(&#39;writing a log message&#39;)
with open(filename, &#39;w&#39;) as fp:
 fp.write(message)
</pre></div>
</div>
In this example, the string <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'writing a log message'</code> is marked as a candidate
for translation, while the strings <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'mylog.txt'</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'w'</code> are not.
There are a few tools to extract the strings meant for translation.
The original GNU gettext only supported C or C++ source
code but its extended version xgettext scans code written
in a number of languages, including Python, to find strings marked as
translatable. <a class="reference external" href="https://babel.pocoo.org/">Babel</a> is a Python
internationalization library that includes a <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">pybabel</code> script to
extract and compile message catalogs. François Pinard’s program
called xpot does a similar job and is available as part of
his <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pinard/po-utils">po-utils package</a>.
(Python also includes pure-Python versions of these programs, called
pygettext.py and msgfmt.py; some Python distributions
will install them for you. pygettext.py is similar to
xgettext, but only understands Python source code and
cannot handle other programming languages such as C or C++.
pygettext.py supports a command-line interface similar to
xgettext; for details on its use, run <code class="docutils literal notranslate">pygettext.py
--help</code>. msgfmt.py is binary compatible with GNU
msgfmt. With these two programs, you may not need the GNU
gettext package to internationalize your Python
applications.)
xgettext, pygettext, and similar tools generate
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate">.po</code> files that are message catalogs. They are structured
human-readable files that contain every marked string in the source
code, along with a placeholder for the translated versions of these
strings.
Copies of these <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">.po</code> files are then handed over to the
individual human translators who write translations for every
supported natural language. They send back the completed
language-specific versions as a <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">&lt;language-name&gt;.po</code> file that’s
compiled into a machine-readable <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">.mo</code> binary catalog file using
the msgfmt program. The <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">.mo</code> files are used by the
<a class="reference internal" href="#module-gettext" title="gettext: Multilingual internationalization services."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">gettext</code></a> module for the actual translation processing at
run-time.
How you use the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-gettext" title="gettext: Multilingual internationalization services."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">gettext</code></a> module in your code depends on whether you are
internationalizing a single module or your entire application. The next two
sections will discuss each case.
<section id="localizing-your-module">
<h3>Localizing your module<a class="headerlink" href="#localizing-your-module" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
If you are localizing your module, you must take care not to make global
changes, e.g. to the built-in namespace. You should not use the GNU gettext
API but instead the class-based API.
Let’s say your module is called “spam” and the module’s various natural language
translation <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">.mo</code> files reside in <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">/usr/share/locale</code> in GNU
gettext format. Here’s what you would put at the top of your
module:
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>import gettext
t = gettext.translation(&#39;spam&#39;, &#39;/usr/share/locale&#39;)
_ = t.gettext
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="localizing-your-application">
<h3>Localizing your application<a class="headerlink" href="#localizing-your-application" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
If you are localizing your application, you can install the <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">_()</code> function
globally into the built-in namespace, usually in the main driver file of your
application. This will let all your application-specific files just use
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">_('...')</code> without having to explicitly install it in each file.
In the simple case then, you need only add the following bit of code to the main
driver file of your application:
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>import gettext
gettext.install(&#39;myapplication&#39;)
</pre></div>
</div>
If you need to set the locale directory, you can pass it into the
<a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.install" title="gettext.install"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">install()</code></a> function:
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>import gettext
gettext.install(&#39;myapplication&#39;, &#39;/usr/share/locale&#39;)
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="changing-languages-on-the-fly">
<h3>Changing languages on the fly<a class="headerlink" href="#changing-languages-on-the-fly" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
If your program needs to support many languages at the same time, you may want
to create multiple translation instances and then switch between them
explicitly, like so:
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>import gettext

lang1 = gettext.translation(&#39;myapplication&#39;, languages=[&#39;en&#39;])
lang2 = gettext.translation(&#39;myapplication&#39;, languages=[&#39;fr&#39;])
lang3 = gettext.translation(&#39;myapplication&#39;, languages=[&#39;de&#39;])

# start by using language1
lang1.install()

# ... time goes by, user selects language 2
lang2.install()

# ... more time goes by, user selects language 3
lang3.install()
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="deferred-translations">
<h3>Deferred translations<a class="headerlink" href="#deferred-translations" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
In most coding situations, strings are translated where they are coded.
Occasionally however, you need to mark strings for translation, but defer actual
translation until later. A classic example is:
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>animals = [&#39;mollusk&#39;,
 &#39;albatross&#39;,
 &#39;rat&#39;,
 &#39;penguin&#39;,
 &#39;python&#39;, ]
# ...
for a in animals:
 print(a)
</pre></div>
</div>
Here, you want to mark the strings in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">animals</code> list as being
translatable, but you don’t actually want to translate them until they are
printed.
Here is one way you can handle this situation:
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>def _(message): return message

animals = [_(&#39;mollusk&#39;),
 _(&#39;albatross&#39;),
 _(&#39;rat&#39;),
 _(&#39;penguin&#39;),
 _(&#39;python&#39;), ]

del _

animals = [N_(&#39;mollusk&#39;),
 N_(&#39;albatross&#39;),
 N_(&#39;rat&#39;),
 N_(&#39;penguin&#39;),
 N_(&#39;python&#39;), ]

# ...
for a in animals:
 print(_(a))
</pre></div>
</div>
In this case, you are marking translatable strings with the function
<code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">N_()</code>, which won’t conflict with any definition of <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">_()</code>.
However, you will need to teach your message extraction program to
look for translatable strings marked with <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">N_()</code>. xgettext,
pygettext, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">pybabel extract</code>, and xpot all
support this through the use of the <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate">-k</code> command-line switch.
The choice of <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">N_()</code> here is totally arbitrary; it could have just
as easily been <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">MarkThisStringForTranslation()</code>.
</section>
</section>
<section id="acknowledgements">
<h2>Acknowledgements<a class="headerlink" href="#acknowledgements" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
The following people contributed code, feedback, design suggestions, previous
implementations, and valuable experience to the creation of this module:
<ul class="simple">
<li>Peter Funk</li>
<li>James Henstridge</li>
<li>Juan David Ibáñez Palomar</li>
<li>Marc-André Lemburg</li>
<li>Martin von Löwis</li>
<li>François Pinard</li>
<li>Barry Warsaw</li>
<li>Gustavo Niemeyer</li>
</ul>
Footnotes
<dl class="footnote brackets">
<dt class="label" id="id3"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">1</a></dt>
<dd>The default locale directory is system dependent; for example, on RedHat Linux
it is <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">/usr/share/locale</code>, but on Solaris it is <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">/usr/lib/locale</code>.
The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-gettext" title="gettext: Multilingual internationalization services."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">gettext</code></a> module does not try to support these system dependent
defaults; instead its default is <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">sys.base_prefix/share/locale</code> (see
<a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.base_prefix" title="sys.base_prefix"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate">sys.base_prefix</code></a>). For this reason, it is always best to call
<a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.bindtextdomain" title="gettext.bindtextdomain"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">bindtextdomain()</code></a> with an explicit absolute path at the start of your
application.
</dd>
<dt class="label" id="id4"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id2">2</a></dt>
<dd>See the footnote for <a class="reference internal" href="#gettext.bindtextdomain" title="gettext.bindtextdomain"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">bindtextdomain()</code></a> above.
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
</section>

<div class="clearer"></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
 <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
 <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
 <ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">gettext</code> — Multilingual internationalization services</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gnu-gettext-api">GNU gettext API</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-based-api">Class-based API</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-nulltranslations-class">The <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">NullTranslations</code> class</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-gnutranslations-class">The <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">GNUTranslations</code> class</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#solaris-message-catalog-support">Solaris message catalog support</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-catalog-constructor">The Catalog constructor</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#internationalizing-your-programs-and-modules">Internationalizing your programs and modules</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#localizing-your-module">Localizing your module</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#localizing-your-application">Localizing your application</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#changing-languages-on-the-fly">Changing languages on the fly</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#deferred-translations">Deferred translations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

<h4>Previous topic</h4>
 <a href="i18n.html"
 title="previous chapter">Internationalization</a>
 <h4>Next topic</h4>
 <a href="locale.html"
 title="next chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">locale</code> — Internationalization services</a>
 <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
 <h3>This Page</h3>
 <ul class="this-page-menu">
 <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li>
 <li>
 <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.10/Doc/library/gettext.rst"
 rel="nofollow">Show Source
 </a>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="clearer"></div>
 </div> 
 <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation">
 <h3>Navigation</h3>
 <ul>
 <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
 <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
 >index</a></li>
 <li class="right" >
 <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
 >modules</a> |</li>
 <li class="right" >
 <a href="locale.html" title="locale — Internationalization services"
 >next</a> |</li>
 <li class="right" >
 <a href="i18n.html" title="Internationalization"
 >previous</a> |</li>

<li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> &#187;</li>
 <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="i18n.html" >Internationalization</a> &#187;</li>
 <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">gettext</code> — Multilingual internationalization services</a></li>
 <li class="right">

<div class="inline-search" role="search">
 <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get">
 <input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="text" name="q" />
 <input type="submit" value="Go" />
 <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
 <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
 </form>
 </div>
 |
 </li>
 
 </ul>
 </div> 
 <div class="footer">
 &copy; <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2001-2026, Python Software Foundation.
 
 This page is licensed under the Python Software Foundation License Version 2.
 
 Examples, recipes, and other code in the documentation are additionally licensed under the Zero Clause BSD License.
 
 See <a href="/license.html">History and License</a> for more information.

The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation.
<a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a>

Last updated on January 26, 2026.
 <a href="/bugs.html">Found a bug</a>?

Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
 </div>

</body>
</html>

${this.title}

Code Editor : gettext.html