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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">http.cookies</code> — HTTP state management</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#cookie-objects">Cookie Objects</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#morsel-objects">Morsel Objects</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#example">Example</a></li>
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 <section id="module-http.cookies">
<h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-http.cookies" title="http.cookies: Support for HTTP state management (cookies)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">http.cookies</code></a> — HTTP state management<a class="headerlink" href="#module-http.cookies" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
Source code: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.10/Lib/http/cookies.py">Lib/http/cookies.py</a>
<hr class="docutils" />
The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-http.cookies" title="http.cookies: Support for HTTP state management (cookies)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">http.cookies</code></a> module defines classes for abstracting the concept of
cookies, an HTTP state management mechanism. It supports both simple string-only
cookies, and provides an abstraction for having any serializable data-type as
cookie value.
The module formerly strictly applied the parsing rules described in the
<a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2109.html">RFC 2109</a> and <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2068.html">RFC 2068</a> specifications. It has since been discovered that
MSIE 3.0x doesn’t follow the character rules outlined in those specs and also
many current day browsers and servers have relaxed parsing rules when comes to
Cookie handling. As a result, the parsing rules used are a bit less strict.
The character set, <a class="reference internal" href="string.html#string.ascii_letters" title="string.ascii_letters"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate">string.ascii_letters</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="string.html#string.digits" title="string.digits"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate">string.digits</code></a> and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">!#$%&amp;'*+-.^_`|~:</code> denote the set of valid characters allowed by this module
in Cookie name (as <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.key" title="http.cookies.Morsel.key"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">key</code></a>).
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 3.3: Allowed ‘:’ as a valid Cookie name character.
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
Note
On encountering an invalid cookie, <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.CookieError" title="http.cookies.CookieError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">CookieError</code></a> is raised, so if your
cookie data comes from a browser you should always prepare for invalid data
and catch <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.CookieError" title="http.cookies.CookieError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">CookieError</code></a> on parsing.
</div>
<dl class="py exception">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.CookieError">
exception http.cookies.CookieError<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.CookieError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Exception failing because of <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2109.html">RFC 2109</a> invalidity: incorrect attributes,
incorrect Set-Cookie header, etc.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.BaseCookie">
class http.cookies.BaseCookie([input])<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>This class is a dictionary-like object whose keys are strings and whose values
are <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel" title="http.cookies.Morsel"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">Morsel</code></a> instances. Note that upon setting a key to a value, the
value is first converted to a <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel" title="http.cookies.Morsel"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">Morsel</code></a> containing the key and the value.
If input is given, it is passed to the <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.load" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie.load"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">load()</code></a> method.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.SimpleCookie">
class http.cookies.SimpleCookie([input])<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.SimpleCookie" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>This class derives from <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">BaseCookie</code></a> and overrides <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">value_decode()</code>
and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">value_encode()</code>. SimpleCookie supports strings as cookie values.
When setting the value, SimpleCookie calls the builtin <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">str()</code></a> to convert
the value to a string. Values received from HTTP are kept as strings.
</dd></dl>

<div class="admonition seealso">
See also
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="http.cookiejar.html#module-http.cookiejar" title="http.cookiejar: Classes for automatic handling of HTTP cookies."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">http.cookiejar</code></a></dt><dd>HTTP cookie handling for web clients. The <a class="reference internal" href="http.cookiejar.html#module-http.cookiejar" title="http.cookiejar: Classes for automatic handling of HTTP cookies."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">http.cookiejar</code></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="#module-http.cookies" title="http.cookies: Support for HTTP state management (cookies)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">http.cookies</code></a> modules do not depend on each other.
</dd>
<dt><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2109.html">RFC 2109</a> - HTTP State Management Mechanism</dt><dd>This is the state management specification implemented by this module.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<section id="cookie-objects">
<h2>Cookie Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#cookie-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_decode">
BaseCookie.value_decode(val)<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_decode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate">(real_value, coded_value)</code> from a string representation.
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">real_value</code> can be any type. This method does no decoding in
<a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">BaseCookie</code></a> — it exists so it can be overridden.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_encode">
BaseCookie.value_encode(val)<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_encode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate">(real_value, coded_value)</code>. val can be any type, but
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">coded_value</code> will always be converted to a string.
This method does no encoding in <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">BaseCookie</code></a> — it exists so it can
be overridden.
In general, it should be the case that <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_encode" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_encode"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">value_encode()</code></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_decode" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_decode"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">value_decode()</code></a> are inverses on the range of value_decode.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.BaseCookie.output">
BaseCookie.output(attrs=None, header='Set-Cookie:', sep='\r\n')<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a string representation suitable to be sent as HTTP headers. attrs and
header are sent to each <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel" title="http.cookies.Morsel"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">Morsel</code></a>’s <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.output" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie.output"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">output()</code></a> method. sep is used
to join the headers together, and is by default the combination <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'\r\n'</code>
(CRLF).
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.BaseCookie.js_output">
BaseCookie.js_output(attrs=None)<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.js_output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return an embeddable JavaScript snippet, which, if run on a browser which
supports JavaScript, will act the same as if the HTTP headers was sent.
The meaning for attrs is the same as in <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.output" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie.output"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">output()</code></a>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.BaseCookie.load">
BaseCookie.load(rawdata)<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.load" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>If rawdata is a string, parse it as an <code class="docutils literal notranslate">HTTP_COOKIE</code> and add the values
found there as <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel" title="http.cookies.Morsel"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">Morsel</code></a>s. If it is a dictionary, it is equivalent to:
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>for k, v in rawdata.items():
 cookie[k] = v
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

</section>
<section id="morsel-objects">
<h2>Morsel Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#morsel-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel">
class http.cookies.Morsel<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Abstract a key/value pair, which has some <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2109.html">RFC 2109</a> attributes.
Morsels are dictionary-like objects, whose set of keys is constant — the valid
<a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2109.html">RFC 2109</a> attributes, which are
<ul class="simple">
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">expires</code></li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">path</code></li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">comment</code></li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">domain</code></li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">max-age</code></li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">secure</code></li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">version</code></li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">httponly</code></li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate">samesite</code></li>
</ul>
The attribute <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">httponly</code> specifies that the cookie is only transferred
in HTTP requests, and is not accessible through JavaScript. This is intended
to mitigate some forms of cross-site scripting.
The attribute <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">samesite</code> specifies that the browser is not allowed to
send the cookie along with cross-site requests. This helps to mitigate CSRF
attacks. Valid values for this attribute are “Strict” and “Lax”.
The keys are case-insensitive and their default value is <code class="docutils literal notranslate">''</code>.
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 3.5: <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">__eq__()</code> now takes <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.key" title="http.cookies.Morsel.key"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">key</code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.value" title="http.cookies.Morsel.value"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">value</code></a>
into account.
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 3.7: Attributes <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.key" title="http.cookies.Morsel.key"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">key</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.value" title="http.cookies.Morsel.value"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">value</code></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.coded_value" title="http.cookies.Morsel.coded_value"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">coded_value</code></a> are read-only. Use <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.set" title="http.cookies.Morsel.set"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">set()</code></a> for
setting them.
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 3.8: Added support for the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">samesite</code> attribute.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.value">
Morsel.value<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.value" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>The value of the cookie.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.coded_value">
Morsel.coded_value<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.coded_value" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>The encoded value of the cookie — this is what should be sent.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.key">
Morsel.key<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.key" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>The name of the cookie.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.set">
Morsel.set(key, value, coded_value)<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.set" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Set the key, value and coded_value attributes.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.isReservedKey">
Morsel.isReservedKey(K)<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.isReservedKey" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Whether K is a member of the set of keys of a <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel" title="http.cookies.Morsel"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">Morsel</code></a>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.output">
Morsel.output(attrs=None, header='Set-Cookie:')<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a string representation of the Morsel, suitable to be sent as an HTTP
header. By default, all the attributes are included, unless attrs is given, in
which case it should be a list of attributes to use. header is by default
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">&quot;Set-Cookie:&quot;</code>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.js_output">
Morsel.js_output(attrs=None)<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.js_output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return an embeddable JavaScript snippet, which, if run on a browser which
supports JavaScript, will act the same as if the HTTP header was sent.
The meaning for attrs is the same as in <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.output" title="http.cookies.Morsel.output"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">output()</code></a>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.OutputString">
Morsel.OutputString(attrs=None)<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.OutputString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a string representing the Morsel, without any surrounding HTTP or
JavaScript.
The meaning for attrs is the same as in <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.output" title="http.cookies.Morsel.output"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">output()</code></a>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.update">
Morsel.update(values)<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.update" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Update the values in the Morsel dictionary with the values in the dictionary
values. Raise an error if any of the keys in the values dict is not a
valid <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2109.html">RFC 2109</a> attribute.
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 3.5: an error is raised for invalid keys.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.copy">
Morsel.copy(value)<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.copy" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a shallow copy of the Morsel object.
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 3.5: return a Morsel object instead of a dict.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="http.cookies.Morsel.setdefault">
Morsel.setdefault(key, value=None)<a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.setdefault" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Raise an error if key is not a valid <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2109.html">RFC 2109</a> attribute, otherwise
behave the same as <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict.setdefault" title="dict.setdefault"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">dict.setdefault()</code></a>.
</dd></dl>

</section>
<section id="example">
<h2>Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
The following example demonstrates how to use the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-http.cookies" title="http.cookies: Support for HTTP state management (cookies)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">http.cookies</code></a> module.
<div class="highlight-pycon3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>&gt;&gt;&gt; from http import cookies
&gt;&gt;&gt; C = cookies.SimpleCookie()
&gt;&gt;&gt; C[&quot;fig&quot;] = &quot;newton&quot;
&gt;&gt;&gt; C[&quot;sugar&quot;] = &quot;wafer&quot;
&gt;&gt;&gt; print(C) # generate HTTP headers
Set-Cookie: fig=newton
Set-Cookie: sugar=wafer
&gt;&gt;&gt; print(C.output()) # same thing
Set-Cookie: fig=newton
Set-Cookie: sugar=wafer
&gt;&gt;&gt; C = cookies.SimpleCookie()
&gt;&gt;&gt; C[&quot;rocky&quot;] = &quot;road&quot;
&gt;&gt;&gt; C[&quot;rocky&quot;][&quot;path&quot;] = &quot;/cookie&quot;
&gt;&gt;&gt; print(C.output(header=&quot;Cookie:&quot;))
Cookie: rocky=road; Path=/cookie
&gt;&gt;&gt; print(C.output(attrs=[], header=&quot;Cookie:&quot;))
Cookie: rocky=road
&gt;&gt;&gt; C = cookies.SimpleCookie()
&gt;&gt;&gt; C.load(&quot;chips=ahoy; vienna=finger&quot;) # load from a string (HTTP header)
&gt;&gt;&gt; print(C)
Set-Cookie: chips=ahoy
Set-Cookie: vienna=finger
&gt;&gt;&gt; C = cookies.SimpleCookie()
&gt;&gt;&gt; C.load(&#39;keebler=&quot;E=everybody; L=\\&quot;Loves\\&quot;; fudge=;&quot;;&#39;)
&gt;&gt;&gt; print(C)
Set-Cookie: keebler=&quot;E=everybody; L=\&quot;Loves\&quot;; fudge=;&quot;
&gt;&gt;&gt; C = cookies.SimpleCookie()
&gt;&gt;&gt; C[&quot;oreo&quot;] = &quot;doublestuff&quot;
&gt;&gt;&gt; C[&quot;oreo&quot;][&quot;path&quot;] = &quot;/&quot;
&gt;&gt;&gt; print(C)
Set-Cookie: oreo=doublestuff; Path=/
&gt;&gt;&gt; C = cookies.SimpleCookie()
&gt;&gt;&gt; C[&quot;twix&quot;] = &quot;none for you&quot;
&gt;&gt;&gt; C[&quot;twix&quot;].value
&#39;none for you&#39;
&gt;&gt;&gt; C = cookies.SimpleCookie()
&gt;&gt;&gt; C[&quot;number&quot;] = 7 # equivalent to C[&quot;number&quot;] = str(7)
&gt;&gt;&gt; C[&quot;string&quot;] = &quot;seven&quot;
&gt;&gt;&gt; C[&quot;number&quot;].value
&#39;7&#39;
&gt;&gt;&gt; C[&quot;string&quot;].value
&#39;seven&#39;
&gt;&gt;&gt; print(C)
Set-Cookie: number=7
Set-Cookie: string=seven
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#cookie-objects">Cookie Objects</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#morsel-objects">Morsel Objects</a></li>
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