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__future__.rst.txt
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calendar.rst.txt
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email.rst.txt
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frameworks.rst.txt
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functional.rst.txt
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functions.rst.txt
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functools.rst.txt
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glob.rst.txt
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graphlib.rst.txt
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Code Editor : posix.rst.txt
:mod:`posix` --- The most common POSIX system calls =================================================== .. module:: posix :platform: Unix :synopsis: The most common POSIX system calls (normally used via module os). -------------- This module provides access to operating system functionality that is standardized by the C Standard and the POSIX standard (a thinly disguised Unix interface). .. index:: module: os **Do not import this module directly.** Instead, import the module :mod:`os`, which provides a *portable* version of this interface. On Unix, the :mod:`os` module provides a superset of the :mod:`posix` interface. On non-Unix operating systems the :mod:`posix` module is not available, but a subset is always available through the :mod:`os` interface. Once :mod:`os` is imported, there is *no* performance penalty in using it instead of :mod:`posix`. In addition, :mod:`os` provides some additional functionality, such as automatically calling :func:`~os.putenv` when an entry in ``os.environ`` is changed. Errors are reported as exceptions; the usual exceptions are given for type errors, while errors reported by the system calls raise :exc:`OSError`. .. _posix-large-files: Large File Support ------------------ .. index:: single: large files single: file; large files .. sectionauthor:: Steve Clift <clift@mail.anacapa.net> Several operating systems (including AIX and Solaris) provide support for files that are larger than 2 GiB from a C programming model where :c:expr:`int` and :c:expr:`long` are 32-bit values. This is typically accomplished by defining the relevant size and offset types as 64-bit values. Such files are sometimes referred to as :dfn:`large files`. Large file support is enabled in Python when the size of an :c:type:`off_t` is larger than a :c:expr:`long` and the :c:expr:`long long` is at least as large as an :c:type:`off_t`. It may be necessary to configure and compile Python with certain compiler flags to enable this mode. For example, with Solaris 2.6 and 2.7 you need to do something like:: CFLAGS="`getconf LFS_CFLAGS`" OPT="-g -O2 $CFLAGS" \ ./configure On large-file-capable Linux systems, this might work:: CFLAGS='-D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64' OPT="-g -O2 $CFLAGS" \ ./configure .. _posix-contents: Notable Module Contents ----------------------- In addition to many functions described in the :mod:`os` module documentation, :mod:`posix` defines the following data item: .. data:: environ A dictionary representing the string environment at the time the interpreter was started. Keys and values are bytes on Unix and str on Windows. For example, ``environ[b'HOME']`` (``environ['HOME']`` on Windows) is the pathname of your home directory, equivalent to ``getenv("HOME")`` in C. Modifying this dictionary does not affect the string environment passed on by :func:`~os.execv`, :func:`~os.popen` or :func:`~os.system`; if you need to change the environment, pass ``environ`` to :func:`~os.execve` or add variable assignments and export statements to the command string for :func:`~os.system` or :func:`~os.popen`. .. versionchanged:: 3.2 On Unix, keys and values are bytes. .. note:: The :mod:`os` module provides an alternate implementation of ``environ`` which updates the environment on modification. Note also that updating :data:`os.environ` will render this dictionary obsolete. Use of the :mod:`os` module version of this is recommended over direct access to the :mod:`posix` module.
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