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Code Editor : pic-6.html

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<h2>6. Decorating Objects
<a name="6. Decorating Objects"></a>
</h2>

<h3>6.1. Text Special Effects
<a name="6.1. Text Special Effects"></a>
</h3>

All pic implementations
support the following font-styling escapes within text
objects:

\fR, \f1</td>
<td width="84%">
</td></tr>
</table>

Set Roman style (the
default)

\fI, \f2</td>
<td width="84%">
</td></tr>
</table>

Set Italic style

\fB, \f3</td>
<td width="84%">
</td></tr>
</table>

Set Bold style

\fP&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </td>
<td width="82%">
</td></tr>
</table>

Revert to previous style; only
works one level deep, does not stack.

In the pic
implementations that are preprocessors for a toolchain that
include [gtn]roff, text objects may also contain
[gtn]roff vertical- and horizontal-motion escapes
such as \h or \v. Troff special glyphs are also available.
All \-escapes will be passed through to the postprocessing
stage and have their normal effects. The base font family is
set by the [gtn]roff environment at the time the
picture is rendered.

pic2plot replaces
[gtn]roff horizontal- and vertical-motion escapes
with \-escapes of its own. Troff special glyphs are not
available, but in most back ends Latin-1 special characters
and a square-root radical will be. See the pic2plot
documentation for full details.

<h3>6.2. Dashed Objects
<a name="6.2. Dashed Objects"></a>
</h3>

We&rsquo;ve already seen that
the modifier dashed can change the line style of an
object from solid to dashed. GNU gpic permits you to
dot or dash ellipses, circles, and arcs (and splines in TeX
mode only); some versions of DWB may only permit dashing of
lines and boxes. It&rsquo;s possible to change the dash
interval by specifying a number after the modifier.

Figure 6-1:
Dashed objects

<h3>6.3. Dotted Objects
<a name="6.3. Dotted Objects"></a>
</h3>

Another available qualifier is
dotted. GNU gpic permits you to dot or dash
ellipses, circles, and arcs (and splines in TeX mode only);
some versions of DWB may only permit dashing of lines and
boxes. It too can be suffixed with a number to specify the
interval between dots:

Figure 6-2:
Dotted objects

<h3>6.4. Rounding Box Corners
<a name="6.4. Rounding Box Corners"></a>
</h3>

It is also possible, in GNU
gpic only, to modify a box so it has rounded
corners:

Figure 6-3:
box rad with increasing radius values

Radius values higher than half
the minimum box dimension are silently truncated to that
value.

<h3>6.5. Slanted Boxes
<a name="6.5. Slanted Boxes"></a>
</h3>

GNU gpic supports slanted
boxes:

Figure 6-4:
Various slanted boxes.

The xslanted and
yslanted attributes specify the x and y&nbsp;offset,
respectively, of the box&rsquo;s upper right corner from its
default position.

<h3>6.6. Arrowheads
<a name="6.6. Arrowheads"></a>
</h3>

Lines and arcs can be decorated
as well. Any line or arc (and any spline as well) can be
decorated with arrowheads by adding one or more as
modifiers:

Figure 6-5:
Double-headed line made with line &lt;- -&gt;

In fact, the arrow
command is just shorthand for line -&gt;. And there
is a double-head modifier &lt;-&gt;, so the figure above
could have been made with line &lt;-&gt;.

Arrowheads have a width
attribute, the distance across the rear; and a height
attribute, the length of the arrowhead along the shaft.

Arrowhead style is controlled by
the style variable arrowhead. The DWB and GNU
versions interpret it differently. DWB defaults to open
arrowheads and an arrowhead value of&nbsp;2; the
Kernighan paper says a value of&nbsp;7 makes solid
arrowheads. GNU gpic defaults to solid arrowheads and
an arrowhead value of&nbsp;1; a value of&nbsp;0
produces open arrowheads. Note that solid arrowheads are
always filled with the current outline color.

<h3>6.7. Line Thickness
<a name="6.7. Line Thickness"></a>
</h3>

It&rsquo;s also possible to
change the line thickness of an object (this is a GNU
extension, DWB pic doesn&rsquo;t support it). The
default thickness of the lines used to draw objects is
controlled by the linethick variable. This gives the
thickness of lines in points. A negative value means use the
default thickness: in TeX output mode, this means use a
thickness of 8 milliinches; in TeX output mode with the
-c option, this means use the line thickness
specified by .ps lines; in troff output mode, this
means use a thickness proportional to the pointsize. A zero
value means draw the thinnest possible line supported by the
output device. Initially it has a value of -1. There is also
a thickness attribute (which can be abbreviated to
thick). For example, circle thickness 1.5
would draw a circle using a line with a thickness of 1.5
points. The thickness of lines is not affected by the value
of the scale variable, nor by any width or height
given in the .PS line.

<h3>6.8. Invisible Objects
<a name="6.8. Invisible Objects"></a>
</h3>

The modifier invis[ible]
makes an object entirely invisible. This used to be useful
for positioning text in an invisible object that is properly
joined to neighboring ones. Newer DWB versions and GNU
pic treat stand-alone text in exactly this way.

<h3>6.9. Filled Objects
<a name="6.9. Filled Objects"></a>
</h3>

It is possible to fill boxes,
circles, and ellipses. The modifier fill[ed]
accomplishes this. You can suffix it with a fill value; the
default is given by the style variable fillval.

DWB pic and gpic
have opposite conventions for fill values and different
defaults. DWB fillval defaults to 0.3 and smaller
values are darker; GNU fillval uses 0 for white and 1
for black.

Figure 6-6:
circle fill; move; circle fill 0.4; move; circle fill
0.9;

GNU gpic makes some
additional guarantees. A fill value greater than 1 can also
be used: this means fill with the shade of gray that is
currently being used for text and lines. Normally this is
black, but output devices may provide a mechanism for
changing this. The invisible attribute does not affect the
filling of objects. Any text associated with a filled object
is added after the object has been filled, so that the text
is not obscured by the filling.

The closed-object modifier
solid is equivalent to fill with the darkest
fill value (DWB pic had this capability but mentioned
it only in a reference section).

<h3>6.10. Colored Objects
<a name="6.10. Colored Objects"></a>
</h3>

As a GNU extension, three
additional modifiers are available to specify colored
objects. outline sets the color of the outline,
shaded the fill color, and color sets both.
All three keywords expect a suffix specifying the color.
Example:

Figure
6-7: box color &quot;yellow&quot;; arrow color
&quot;cyan&quot;; circle shaded &quot;green&quot; outline
&quot;black&quot;;

Alternative
spellings are colour, colored,
coloured, and outlined.

Predefined
color names for [gtn]roff-based pic
implementations are defined in the device macro files, for
example ps.tmac; additional colors can be defined with the
.defcolor request (see the manual page of GNU
troff(1) for more details). Currently, color support
is not available at all in TeX mode.

The
pic2plot(1) carries with its own set of color names,
essentially those recognized by the X&nbsp;window system
with &ldquo;grey&rdquo; accepted as a variant of
&ldquo;gray&rdquo;.

pic
assumes that at the beginning of a picture both glyph and
fill color are set to the default value.
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Code Editor : pic-6.html