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Code Editor : bytes.html

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 <section id="bytes-objects">
<h1>Bytes Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#bytes-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
These functions raise <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">TypeError</code></a> when expecting a bytes parameter and
called with a non-bytes parameter.
<dl class="c type">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytesObject">
type PyBytesObject<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytesObject" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This subtype of <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">PyObject</code></a> represents a Python bytes object.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c var">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_Type">
<a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject">PyTypeObject</a> PyBytes_Type<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_Type" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable">Stable ABI</a>.This instance of <a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">PyTypeObject</code></a> represents the Python bytes type; it
is the same object as <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">bytes</code></a> in the Python layer.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_Check">
int PyBytes_Check(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *o)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_Check" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return true if the object o is a bytes object or an instance of a subtype
of the bytes type. This function always succeeds.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_CheckExact">
int PyBytes_CheckExact(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *o)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_CheckExact" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return true if the object o is a bytes object, but not an instance of a
subtype of the bytes type. This function always succeeds.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_FromString">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyBytes_FromString(const char *v)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_FromString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return value: New reference. Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable">Stable ABI</a>.Return a new bytes object with a copy of the string v as value on success,
and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">NULL</code> on failure. The parameter v must not be <code class="docutils literal notranslate">NULL</code>; it will not be
checked.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_FromStringAndSize">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(const char *v, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t">Py_ssize_t</a> len)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_FromStringAndSize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return value: New reference. Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable">Stable ABI</a>.Return a new bytes object with a copy of the string v as value and length
len on success, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">NULL</code> on failure. If v is <code class="docutils literal notranslate">NULL</code>, the contents of
the bytes object are uninitialized.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_FromFormat">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyBytes_FromFormat(const char *format, ...)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_FromFormat" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return value: New reference. Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable">Stable ABI</a>.Take a C <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">printf()</code>-style format string and a variable number of
arguments, calculate the size of the resulting Python bytes object and return
a bytes object with the values formatted into it. The variable arguments
must be C types and must correspond exactly to the format characters in the
format string. The following format characters are allowed:
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 29%" />
<col style="width: 23%" />
<col style="width: 48%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Format Characters</th>
<th class="head">Type</th>
<th class="head">Comment</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">%%</code></td>
<td>n/a</td>
<td>The literal % character.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">%c</code></td>
<td>int</td>
<td>A single byte,
represented as a C int.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">%d</code></td>
<td>int</td>
<td>Equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">printf(&quot;%d&quot;)</code>. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id9" id="id1">1</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">%u</code></td>
<td>unsigned int</td>
<td>Equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">printf(&quot;%u&quot;)</code>. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id9" id="id2">1</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">%ld</code></td>
<td>long</td>
<td>Equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">printf(&quot;%ld&quot;)</code>. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id9" id="id3">1</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">%lu</code></td>
<td>unsigned long</td>
<td>Equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">printf(&quot;%lu&quot;)</code>. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id9" id="id4">1</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">%zd</code></td>
<td><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">Py_ssize_t</code></a></td>
<td>Equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">printf(&quot;%zd&quot;)</code>. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id9" id="id5">1</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">%zu</code></td>
<td>size_t</td>
<td>Equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">printf(&quot;%zu&quot;)</code>. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id9" id="id6">1</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">%i</code></td>
<td>int</td>
<td>Equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">printf(&quot;%i&quot;)</code>. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id9" id="id7">1</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">%x</code></td>
<td>int</td>
<td>Equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">printf(&quot;%x&quot;)</code>. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id9" id="id8">1</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">%s</code></td>
<td>const char*</td>
<td>A null-terminated C character
array.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">%p</code></td>
<td>const void*</td>
<td>The hex representation of a C
pointer. Mostly equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">printf(&quot;%p&quot;)</code> except that
it is guaranteed to start with
the literal <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0x</code> regardless
of what the platform’s
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">printf</code> yields.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
An unrecognized format character causes all the rest of the format string to be
copied as-is to the result object, and any extra arguments discarded.
<dl class="footnote brackets">
<dt class="label" id="id9">1(<a href="#id1">1</a>,<a href="#id2">2</a>,<a href="#id3">3</a>,<a href="#id4">4</a>,<a href="#id5">5</a>,<a href="#id6">6</a>,<a href="#id7">7</a>,<a href="#id8">8</a>)</dt>
<dd>For integer specifiers (d, u, ld, lu, zd, zu, i, x): the 0-conversion
flag has effect even when a precision is given.
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_FromFormatV">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyBytes_FromFormatV(const char *format, va_list vargs)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_FromFormatV" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return value: New reference. Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable">Stable ABI</a>.Identical to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyBytes_FromFormat" title="PyBytes_FromFormat"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyBytes_FromFormat()</code></a> except that it takes exactly two
arguments.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_FromObject">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyBytes_FromObject(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *o)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_FromObject" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Return value: New reference. Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable">Stable ABI</a>.Return the bytes representation of object o that implements the buffer
protocol.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_Size">
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t">Py_ssize_t</a> PyBytes_Size(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *o)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_Size" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable">Stable ABI</a>.Return the length of the bytes in bytes object o.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_GET_SIZE">
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t">Py_ssize_t</a> PyBytes_GET_SIZE(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *o)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_GET_SIZE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Macro form of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyBytes_Size" title="PyBytes_Size"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyBytes_Size()</code></a> but without error checking.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_AsString">
char *PyBytes_AsString(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *o)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_AsString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable">Stable ABI</a>.Return a pointer to the contents of o. The pointer
refers to the internal buffer of o, which consists of <code class="docutils literal notranslate">len(o) + 1</code>
bytes. The last byte in the buffer is always null, regardless of
whether there are any other null bytes. The data must not be
modified in any way, unless the object was just created using
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size)</code>. It must not be deallocated. If
o is not a bytes object at all, <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyBytes_AsString" title="PyBytes_AsString"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyBytes_AsString()</code></a> returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate">NULL</code>
and raises <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">TypeError</code></a>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_AS_STRING">
char *PyBytes_AS_STRING(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *string)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_AS_STRING" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Macro form of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyBytes_AsString" title="PyBytes_AsString"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyBytes_AsString()</code></a> but without error checking.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_AsStringAndSize">
int PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *obj, char **buffer, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t">Py_ssize_t</a> *length)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_AsStringAndSize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable">Stable ABI</a>.Return the null-terminated contents of the object obj
through the output variables buffer and length.
If length is <code class="docutils literal notranslate">NULL</code>, the bytes object
may not contain embedded null bytes;
if it does, the function returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-1</code> and a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">ValueError</code></a> is raised.
The buffer refers to an internal buffer of obj, which includes an
additional null byte at the end (not counted in length). The data
must not be modified in any way, unless the object was just created using
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size)</code>. It must not be deallocated. If
obj is not a bytes object at all, <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyBytes_AsStringAndSize" title="PyBytes_AsStringAndSize"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyBytes_AsStringAndSize()</code></a>
returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-1</code> and raises <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">TypeError</code></a>.
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 3.5: Previously, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">TypeError</code></a> was raised when embedded null bytes were
encountered in the bytes object.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_Concat">
void PyBytes_Concat(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> **bytes, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *newpart)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_Concat" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable">Stable ABI</a>.Create a new bytes object in *bytes containing the contents of newpart
appended to bytes; the caller will own the new reference. The reference to
the old value of bytes will be stolen. If the new object cannot be
created, the old reference to bytes will still be discarded and the value
of *bytes will be set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">NULL</code>; the appropriate exception will be set.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyBytes_ConcatAndDel">
void PyBytes_ConcatAndDel(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> **bytes, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *newpart)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyBytes_ConcatAndDel" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable">Stable ABI</a>.Create a new bytes object in *bytes containing the contents of newpart
appended to bytes. This version decrements the reference count of
newpart.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c._PyBytes_Resize">
int _PyBytes_Resize(<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> **bytes, <a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="Py_ssize_t">Py_ssize_t</a> newsize)<a class="headerlink" href="#c._PyBytes_Resize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>A way to resize a bytes object even though it is “immutable”. Only use this
to build up a brand new bytes object; don’t use this if the bytes may already
be known in other parts of the code. It is an error to call this function if
the refcount on the input bytes object is not one. Pass the address of an
existing bytes object as an lvalue (it may be written into), and the new size
desired. On success, *bytes holds the resized bytes object and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code> is
returned; the address in *bytes may differ from its input value. If the
reallocation fails, the original bytes object at *bytes is deallocated,
*bytes is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">NULL</code>, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#MemoryError" title="MemoryError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">MemoryError</code></a> is set, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-1</code> is
returned.
</dd></dl>

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