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  <title>Mom -- Version 2.0 notes</title>
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  <td><a href="toc.html">Back to Table of Contents</a></td>
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<h1 class="docs">Version 2.0 notes</h1>

<div style="width: 70%; margin: auto;">
<ol style="margin-left: -1em;">
  <li><a href="#prefatory">Prefatory comments</a></li>
  <li><a href="#differences">Differences between 2.0 and 1.x</a>
  <ul class="no-enumerator" style="padding-left: 0">
    <li><a href="#pdf-support">2.1 PDF support</a>
    <ul class="no-enumerator" style="padding-left: 1em">
      <li><a href="#mom-pdf">2.1.1 The manual, <span class="book-title">Producing PDFs with groff and mom</span></a></li>
      <li><a href="#pdf-image">2.1.2 PDF_IMAGE</a></li>
    </ul></li>
    <li><a href="#covers">2.2 Covers</a></li>
    <li><a href="#headings">2.3 Headings</a></li>
    <li><a href="#margin-notes">2.4 Margin notes</a></li>
    <li><a href="#floats">2.5 Floats</a></li>
    <li><a href="#table-of-contents">2.5 Tables of contents</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  <li><a href="#v2.1-changes">Version 2.1 changes</a></li>
  <li><a href="#pdfmom">The <strong>pdfmom</strong> wrapper around groff</a></li>
  <li><a href="#install-font">The <strong>install-font.sh</strong> script</a></li>
</ol>
</div>

<h2 id="prefatory" class="docs">1. Prefatory comments</h2>

<p>
Version 2.0 comes about as a result of Deri James&#8217;
contribution of <strong>gropdf</strong> to <strong>groff</strong>,
and his subsequent work integrating the device with
<strong>mom</strong>.
</p>

<p>
Whereas the 1.x releases were oriented toward PostScript output,
2.0 focuses on PDF output, a bias reflected throughout this
documentation.  Users are strongly encouraged to process their files
with
<a href="#pdfmom"><strong>pdfmom</strong></a>,
a wrapper around <strong>groff&nbsp;-Tpdf</strong>, in order to take
full advantage of all PDF has to offer.
</p>

<p>
While portions of mom have been rewritten, and new features
introduced, 2.0 is backwardly compatible with 1.x releases.  Changes
are either transparent, or accompanied by notifications on stderr.
</p>

<p>
The implementation of nested heads has been completely rethought,
as has the manner of styling of them.  There are no limits on
how deep the nesting can go.  The 1.x macros <kbd>HEAD</kbd>,
<kbd>SUBHEAD</kbd>, and <kbd>SUBSUHEAD</kbd> may still be used, but
must be re-designed with the new <kbd>HEADING_STYLE</kbd> macro
if their 1.x defaults are not desired.
</p>

<p>
In conjunction with the changes to nested heads, Table of Contents
generation has also been rethought.  Greater flexibility in the
inclusion of toc entry numbering been added.  Like nested heads,
there&#8217;s a new macro <kbd>TOC_ENTRY_STYLE</kbd> that permits
styling of each level in the toc hierarchy separately.  The default
overall layout has also been significantly improved, achieving a
level of typographical elegance formerly lacking.  Best of all, the
Table of Contents can now be repositioned to the correct spot at the
top of a document from within the mom source file.
</p>

<p>
When mom files are processed with <strong>pdfmom</strong>, a PDF
outline for the Contents panel of PDF viewers is automatically
generated.  In addition, entries in the Table of Contents
are clickable links when a document is viewed at the screen.
<strong>pdfmom</strong> also permits setting a document&#8217;s
papersize within the source file without the corresponding need for
<kbd>-P-p&lt;papersize&gt;</kbd> on the command line.
</p>

<p>
Lastly, while not strictly part of mom, a bash script,
<strong>install-font.sh</strong>, has been posted at the
<a href="http://www.schaffter.ca/mom/">mom site</a>.
The script significantly eases the installation of new
groff families and fonts, with conversion to .pfa
and .t42 being performed by <strong>fontforge</strong>.
</p>

<h2 id="differences" class="docs">2. Differences between v2.0 and v1.x</h2>

<h3 id="pdf-support" class="docs">2.1. PDF support</h3>

<p>
PDF support has been added, with features including the automatic
generation of PDF outlines, embedding of images in PDF format (via
the
<a href="images.html#pdf-image">PDF_IMAGE</a>
macro) and PDF linking (internal and external).
</p>

<h4 id="mom-pdf" class="docs">2.1.1. Producing PDFs with groff and mom</h4>

<p>
A manual in PDF format,
<span class="book-title">Producing PDFs with groff and mom</span>,
has been added to the documentation.  The file,
<strong>mom-pdf.pdf</strong> can be found in
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
  /usr/local/share/doc/groff-&lt;version&gt;/pdf/
</span>
or
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
  /usr/share/doc/groff-base/pdf/
</span>
or at
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
  <a href="http://www.schaffter.ca/mom/momdoc/mom-pdf.pdf">http://www.schaffter.ca/mom/momdoc/mom-pdf.pdf</a>
</span>
PDF usage, and all associated macros except
<a href="#pdf-image">PDF_IMAGE</a>,
are fully explained in the manual, which should be considered an
integral part of the present documentation.  In addition, the mom
source file for the manual can be found in
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
  /usr/local/share/doc/groff-&lt;version&gt;/examples/mom
</span>
or
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
  /usr/share/doc/groff-base/examples/mom/
</span>
and provides an excellent demonstration of mom usage.
</p>

<h4 id="pdf-image" class="docs">2.1.2. PDF_IMAGE</h4>

<p>
A new macro for embedding PDF images has been added,
<a href="images.html#pdf-image"><kbd>PDF_IMAGE</kbd></a>.
</p>

<p>
<kbd>PDF_IMAGE</kbd> functions similarly to <kbd>PSPIC</kbd> and
accepts the same arguments.  Differences in implementation are that
PDF_IMAGE requires the image dimensions (the bounding box) to be
supplied.  Instructions for getting the bounding box are included in
the documentation entry for PDF_IMAGE.  Two additional options,
<kbd>SCALE</kbd> and <kbd>ADJUST</kbd>, allow scaling of the image
and optical centering.
</p>

<h3 id="covers" class="docs">2.2. Covers</h3>

<p>
Arguments to
<a href="cover.html#cover"><kbd>COVER</kbd></a>
and
<a href="cover.html#doc-cover"><kbd>DOC_COVER</kbd></a>
may now be given in any order.
</p>

<h3 id="headings" class="docs">2.3. Headings</h3>

<p>
The 1.x macros
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
  HEAD SUBHEAD SUBSUBHEAD
</span>
are now deprecated and have been replaced by a single macro
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
  <a href="docelement.html#heading"><kbd>HEADING &lt;n&gt;</kbd></a>
</span>
where <kbd>&lt;n&gt;</kbd> is the heading level.  The deprecated
macros may still be used, and conform in style to their original
defaults; they are, however, wrappers around
<kbd>HEADING</kbd> levels 1 - 3.
Both the wrappers and <kbd>HEADING</kbd> itself can take a
<kbd>NAMED &lt;id&gt;</kbd> argument, specifying a PDF link
destination.
</p>

<p>
Styling of headings is managed by a single macro
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
  <a href="docelement.html#heading"><kbd>HEADING_STYLE &lt;n&gt;</kbd></a>
</span>
where <kbd>&lt;n&gt;</kbd> conforms to a <kbd>HEADING</kbd> level.
The control macros for HEAD, SUBHEAD and SUBSUBHEAD have been
removed.  Users wishing to style the wrappers must use
<kbd>HEADING_STYLE</kbd>.
</p>

<p>
<kbd>PARAHEAD</kbd> is no longer valid.  Paragraph heads in
2.0 are created by passing the <kbd>PARAHEAD</kbd> argument to
<kbd>.HEADING</kbd>.  Mom will abort with an informational message
whenever she encounters <kbd>.PARAHEAD</kbd>.
</p>

<h3 id="margin-notes" class="docs">2.4. Margin notes</h3>

<p>
The macro for setting margin note parameters,
<a href="docelement.html#mn-init"><kbd>MN_INIT</kbd></a>,
has been re-written such that each parameter now has the form
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
  &lt;PARAMETER&gt; &lt;value&gt;
</span>
This differs from 1.x where parameters were entered without a
preceding <kbd>&lt;PARAMETER&gt;</kbd> flag.  Parameters may be
entered in any order.  Any that are skipped are set to default
values.  Documents created with 1.x will have to have their
<kbd>MN_INIT</kbd> updated accordingly.
</p>

<h3 id="floats" class="docs">2.5. Floats</h3>

<p>
A
<a href="images.html#floats-intro">FLOAT</a>
macro has been added, which functions similarly to the <kbd>ms</kbd>
macros&#8217; <kbd>.KF/.KE</kbd>, ie the contents of the float are
output immediately if there&#8217;s room on the page; otherwise,
normal text processing continues and the contents are output at the
top of the next page.  An <kbd>ADJUST</kbd> argument to FLOAT allows
for optical centering.
</p>

<h3 id="table-of-contents" class="docs">2.6. Tables of contents</h3>

<p>
The default look of the Table of Contents has been overhauled to
produce a more typographically pleasing result.  All control macros
for TOC title and entry styles have been removed, replaced by the
macros
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
  <a href="tables-of-contents.html#toc-title-style">TOC_TITLE_STYLE</a>
</span>
and
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
  <a href="tables-of-contents.html#toc-title-style">TOC_ENTRY_STYLE &lt;n&gt;</a>
</span>
where <kbd>&lt;n&gt;</kbd> corresponds to a <kbd>HEADING</kbd>
level.  Both macros permit setting any or all of the style
parameters for TOC titles (ie chapters or major sections/divisions
of a collated document) and TOC entries (nested heading levels) at
once.  Documents created with 1.x that contain TOCs will need to
have their TOC style updated if the new defaults are unsatisfactory.
</p>

<p>
Two new TOC control macros have been added,
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
  <a href="tables-of-contents.html#space-toc-items">SPACE_TOC_ITEMS</a>
</span>
and
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
  <a
  href="tables-of-contents.html#auto-relocate-toc">AUTO_RELOCATE_TOC</a>
</span>
<kbd>SPACE_TOC_ITEMS</kbd> groups TOC entry levels and separates
them with a discrete amount of whitespace.  This leads to improved
legibility, and is highly recommended even though it is not
mom&#8217;s default. <kbd>AUTO_RELOCATE_TOC</kbd> intelligently
repositions the Table of Contents to the top of a document when
the mom source file is processed with
<a href="pdfmom"><strong>pdfmom</strong></a>.
</p>

<h2 id="v2.1-changes" class="docs">3. Version 2.1 changes</h2>

<p>
Version 2.1 adds these features:
</p>
<ul style="margin-top: -.5em; width: 90%">
  <li>expansion of cover, docheader, page header, and heading
  control macros to permit caps, smallcaps, color, and
  underscoring</li>
  <li>the ability to style every element appearing in docheaders and
  automatically-generated cover/title pages separately</li>
  <li>macros to place images on cover/title pages</li>
  <li>a new macro COVERTEXT that allows adding text (e.g. an
  Abstract) to automatically-generated cover/title pages or to
  create cover/title pages entirely by hand</li>
  <li>separate indent control macros for QUOTES and BLOCKQUOTES</li>
  <li>pseudo-smallcaps, including a control macro to choose the
  size, weight, and width of the small caps</li>
  <li>new &lt;element&gt;_STYLE macros that allow setting
  parameters for &lt;element&gt; with a single macro using
  keyword/value pairs</li>
</ul>

<p>
The following changes have been made:
</p>

<ul style="margin-top: -.5em; width: 90%">
  <li>MISC_AUTOLEAD (including COVER_MISC_AUTOLEAD and
  DOC_COVER_MISC_AUTOLEAD) has been replaced in favour of MISC_LEAD,
  which takes an absolute leading value, rather than one derived
  from the point size</li>
  <li>COVER_UNDERLINE and DOC_COVER_UNDERLINE have been
  removed in favour of COVER_DOCTYPE_UNDERLINE and
  DOC_COVER_DOCTYPE_UNDERLINE</li>
  <li>DOCTYPE NAMED &lt;string&gt; no longer accepts a color
  argument; setting the color for &lt;string&gt; is accomplished with
  DOCTYPE_COLOR &lt;color&gt;; in addition, the string now has a
  complete set of control macros</li>
  <li>default underscoring of the DOCTYPE NAMED string has been
  removed, both in the docheader and on cover/title pages</li>
  <li>no cover/title page data persists, however formatting for the
  elements on them does</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="v2.1-changes" class="docs">3. Version 2.2 changes</h2>

<p>
Version 2.2 adds these features:
</p>
<ul style="margin-top: -.5em; width: 90%">
  <li>flex-spacing, an alternative to mom&#8217;s default shimming
  policy; flex-spacing balances vertical whitespace on the page by
  distributing any excess equally at sensible points so that running
  text always fills the page to the bottom margin (see
  <a href="docprocessing.html#vertical-whitespace-management">
    vertical whitespace management</a>
  </li>
  <li>improvements to auto-labelling, such that it is now possible
  to link symbollically to auto-labelled preprocessor material and
  PDF images</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="pdfmom" class="docs">4. pdfmom</h2>

<p>
Deri James has provided <strong>pdfmom</strong>, a wrapper around
groff that processes mom source files with all the PDF bells and
whistles.  Its use is highly recommended.  Usage is explained in the
manual,
<a href="http://www.schaffter.ca/mom/pdf/mom-pdf.pdf"><span class="book-title">Producing PDFs with groff and mom</span></a>.
A significant convenience of <strong>pdfmom</strong> is that it can,
with the <kbd>-Tps</kbd> flag, be used to pass processing over to Keith
Marshall&#8217;s <strong>pdfroff</strong>.  This is useful when
processing files that contain PostScript images embedded with
<kbd>PSPIC</kbd>. <strong>pdfmom</strong>, without the flag, uses
groff&#8217;s PDF device (<strong>gropdf</strong>), which only
recognizes PDF images that have been embedded with
<a href="images.html#pdf-image"><kbd>PDF_IMAGE</kbd></a>.
</p>

<h2 id="install-font" class="docs">5. install-font.sh</h2>

<p>
A bash script, <strong>install-font.sh</strong>, has been posted at the
<a href="http://www.schaffter.ca/mom/mom-01.html">mom site</a>.
There&#8217;s nothing mom-specific about the script, and it is not
an official part of groff.
</p>

<p>
Installing groff fonts is a multi-step procedure, which, while not
difficult, can be a nuisance.  <strong>install-font.sh</strong> takes
care of all the details, including converting fonts to formats
acceptable to <strong>grops</strong> and <strong>gropdf</strong>,
creating and installing the groff fonts in the appropriate
directories, updating the <strong>download</strong> files, and
installing the original fonts in a system-wide directory, if
desired.
</p>

<table style="width: 100%; margin-top: 12px;">
<tr>
  <td style="width: 33%;"><a href="toc.html">Back to Table of Contents</a></td>
  <td style="width: 20%; text-align: center;"><a href="#top">Top</a></td>
  <td style="width: 46%; text-align: right;"><a href="intro.html">Next: Introduction to mom</a></td>
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